{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:22:16Z","timestamp":1761128536869},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]],"date-time":"2007-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1168214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Phase II clinical trials much slower patient enrollment and intervening results of comparable trials can make it desirable to stop trials early when the data indicate no relevant effect. For a binomial response, we adopt an exact group sequential method as a decision tool to assess whether the trial could be stopped early or not. We have applied the exact group sequential method to a Phase II Tuberculosis clinical trial, and the results have been compared with that from error spending and conditional power approaches. We conclude that the exact group sequential method is more efficient for interim analysis in clinical trials than the error spending and conditional power approaches. Published in 2007 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]],"date-time":"2007-01-08T12:21:35Z","timestamp":1168258895000},"page":"1724-1729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early stopping clinical trials of binomial response with an exact group sequential method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529393"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2336502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Group Sequential Methods with Applications to Clinical Trials","author":"Jennison C","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.2807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.2807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T06:07:29Z","timestamp":1694585249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.2807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.2807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.2807","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]]}}}