{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:54:56Z","timestamp":1790434496008,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]],"date-time":"2008-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Familial correlations in the spinal shape of children are explored using statistical shape analysis. Measurements of the spine on the surface of the back were taken using an optical device, and recorded for several hundred children from the Leeds area of the U.K. A portion of the spine from the distal thoracic to proximal lumbar spine was used for the analysis, and measures of the shape of the spine line were determined using Procrustes analysis and principal components (PCs) analysis. Analysis was carried out on scans repeated in triplicate and scans taken six months apart, and good repeatability was demonstrated. Four groups of children were considered in the main study: monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, same sex siblings and different sex siblings. Intra\u2010familial correlations were calculated for the shape measures, and also for age and sex matched unrelated controls. The second PC score (which measures possible lordosis) had significant positive correlation in the family groups. It was observed that the familial correlations were higher for the genetically closer groups. Also, the same sex siblings had higher correlation than the different sex siblings. All sibling groups showed greater correlation of sagittal profile for the second PC score than unrelated controls. A significant correlation was observed in same sex pairings for the control data. This work suggests that some elements of spinal profile may be familial but also shows correlation with sex. Both of these observations may be important in the aetiology of idiopathic scoliosis. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]],"date-time":"2008-01-02T11:18:27Z","timestamp":1199272707000},"page":"1993-2003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Familial relationships of normal spine shape"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ian L.","family":"Dryden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Oxborrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B2.7544"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.15.6.424"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B2.3980522","article-title":"Stature and idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective study","volume":"67","author":"Archer IA","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Statistical Shape Analysis","author":"Dryden IL","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1112\/blms\/16.2.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/757584222"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"CurranP GrovesD.An accurate fast and cost effective method for the measurement of body shape and the assessment of spinal deformity. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Surface Topography and Spinal Deformity Estoril Portugal 1990."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000137072.41425.ec"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"4919","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Biostatistics","author":"Dryden IL","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1991.tb01825.x","article-title":"Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape (with discussion)","volume":"53","author":"Goodall CR","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291478"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Statistics and Images","author":"Cootes TF","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","volume-title":"Statistical Methods","author":"Snedecor GW","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/009053605000000264"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1976.tb04930.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"204","article-title":"Sagittal spinal profile in normal children: a longitudinal radiographical study through the growth spurt","volume":"80","author":"Oxborrow N","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679108999240"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","first-page":"264","article-title":"Familial spine shape analysis using three dimensional surface co\u2010ordinates and multivariate analysis","volume":"75","author":"Millner P","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B4.3611161","article-title":"Experimental structural scoliosis","volume":"69","author":"Smith R","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.3162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.3162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:05:59Z","timestamp":1737763559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.3162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.3162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.3162","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,2]]}}}