{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T13:25:58Z","timestamp":1726406758707},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,16]],"date-time":"2010-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]],"date-time":"2010-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1282780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,16]],"date-time":"2010-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an NASA ground study, two forms of cognitive tests were evaluated in terms of their sensitivity to sleepiness induced by the drug promethazine (PMZ). Performance for the two test modes (<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), PMZ concentration, and a self\u2010reported sleepiness using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were monitored for 12\u2009h post dose. A problem arises when using KSS to establish an association between true sleepiness and performance because KSS scores are discrete and also because they tend to concentrate on certain values. Therefore, we define a latent sleepiness measure <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup> as an unobserved continuous random variable describing a subject's actual state of sleepiness. Under the assumption that drug concentration affects <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>, which then affects <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and KSS, we use Bayesian methods to estimate joint equations that permit unbiased comparison of the performance measures' sensitivity to <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>. The equations incorporate subject random effects and include a negativity constraint on subject\u2010specific slopes of performance with respect to sleepiness. Published in 2010 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,13]],"date-time":"2010-07-13T11:39:59Z","timestamp":1279021199000},"page":"2246-2259","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Joint modeling of performance and subjective reporting to assess sensitivity to drug\u2010induced sleepiness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Feiveson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Hayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zalman","family":"Vaksman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Putcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Bioavailability and performance effects of promethazine during space flight (PMZ). NASA Johnson Space Center Houston TX 2009. 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