{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:50:28Z","timestamp":1770281428689,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixed treatment comparison (MTC) meta\u2010analyses estimate relative treatment effects from networks of evidence while preserving randomisation. We extend the MTC framework to allow for repeated measurements of a continuous endpoint that varies over time. We used, as a case study, a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements from randomised controlled trials evaluating topical ocular hypotensives in primary open\u2010angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension because IOP varies over the day and over the treatment course, and repeated measurements are frequently reported. We adopted models for conducting MTC in<jats:sc>W<\/jats:sc>in<jats:sc>BUGS<\/jats:sc>(The BUGS Project, Cambridge, UK) to allow for repeated IOP measurements and to impute missing standard deviations of the raw data using the predictive distribution from observations with standard deviations. A flexible model with an unconstrained baseline for IOP variations over time and time\u2010invariant random treatment effects fitted the data well. We also adopted repeated measures models to allow for class effects; assuming treatment effects to be exchangeable within classes slightly improved model fit but could bias estimated treatment effects if exchangeability assumptions were not valid. We enabled all timepoints to be included in the analysis, allowing for repeated measures to increase precision around treatment effects and avoid bias associated with selecting timepoints for meta\u2010analysis.The methods we developed for modelling repeated measures and allowing for missing data may be adapted for use in other MTC meta\u2010analyses. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T10:12:30Z","timestamp":1309860750000},"page":"2511-2535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Mixed treatment comparison of repeated measurements of a continuous endpoint: an example using topical treatments for primary open\u2010angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Helen A.","family":"Dakin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics Research Centre University of Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicky J.","family":"Welton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.E.","family":"Ades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abacus International Oxfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Orme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abacus International Oxfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Ltd Surrey UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7521.897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053\u2010200624010\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20100258(19961230)15:24<2733::AID\u2010SIM562>3.0.CO;2\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u20104733.2008.00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9801800110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.12.1269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care.Glaucoma: Diagnosis and management of chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension April2009.http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/nicemedia\/pdf\/CG85FullGuideline.pdf Accessed: [28 September 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102753.2008.01010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774507083567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442\u20109071.2006.01237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210901900514","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of articles evaluating routine intraocular pressure control in monotherapy in the United States and Germany","volume":"19","author":"Stewart WC","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903498786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318166655700061198\u2010200812000\u201000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X178720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31819c49d400061198\u2010200912000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of prostaglandin analogues in patients with predominantly primary open\u2010angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"3","author":"Eyawo O","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.135111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08\u20101833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.5.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00411-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"757","article-title":"Diurnal variations in intraocular pressure","volume":"89","author":"Wilensky JT","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","unstructured":"AdesAE WeltonN LuG.Introduction to Mixed Treatment Comparisons.2007.https:\/\/www.bris.ac.uk\/cobm\/docs\/intro\\%20to\\%20mtc.doc Accessed: [28 September 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9001000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214505000001302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxp032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108076801753266811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00495-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"Alcon Laboratories (UK) Ltd.Summary of product characteristics for Travatan 2007.http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/EMC\/medicine\/8031\/SPC\/TRAVATAN\/ Accessed:[13th July 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","unstructured":"Allergan Ltd. Summary of product characteristics for Lumigan 0.1\u2009mg\/ml 2010.http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/EMC\/medicine\/22807\/SPC\/Lumigan+0.1mg+ml\/ Accessed: [13th July 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","unstructured":"Pfizer Ltd.Summary of product characteristics for Xalatan 0.005% eye drops solution 2010.http:\/\/www.medicines.org.uk\/EMC\/medicine\/9043\/SPC\/Xalatan+0.005\\%25+eye+drops+solution\/ Accessed: [13th July 2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","unstructured":"Bayesian inference using Gibbs Sampling (bugs).winbugswithdoodlebugsversion 1.4.7. 2003\u20107.http:\/\/www.mrc\u2010bsu.cam.ac.uk\/bugs\/ Accessed: [20th August2010]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787","article-title":"General Methods for Monitoring Convergence of Iterative Simulations","volume":"7","author":"Brooks SP","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6","volume-title":"Generalized Linear Models","author":"McCullloch P","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018598421607"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"2566","article-title":"Effect of timolol, latanoprost, and dorzolamide on circadian IOP in glaucoma or ocular hypertension","volume":"41","author":"Orzalesi N","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta9260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2009.0124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199812000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102288\u20108\u201056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10473815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","unstructured":"HigginsJPT GreenS.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions September2009.http:\/\/www.cochrane\u2010handbook.org\/ Accessed: [23rd August 2010]. Version 5.0.2."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60138-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.5.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.02.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199912000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080010052031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000151881.99607.4e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.2% compared with timolol 0.5% in glaucoma: a randomized clinical trial on Taiwanese patients","volume":"66","author":"Chen MJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00662-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210601600308","article-title":"A comparison of morning and evening instillation of a combination travoprost 0.004%\/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution","volume":"16","author":"Denis P","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80150-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.029330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31815a3472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000176935.08392.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01820-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-200204000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199400340-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1991.01080010048030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080160073033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","first-page":"703","article-title":"Effects of latanoprost 50 mug\/ml on Chinese patients with primary open\u2010angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension","volume":"62","author":"Liu CL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal (Taipei)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079904125004529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140137004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(13)31818-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01177-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02850116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X148418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00098-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1998.14.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(99)00107-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(00)00458-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.02.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1992.8.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80048-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00095-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140146006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199812000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199812000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1995.01100080061030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)72009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30509-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00495-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2003.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Ocular hypotensive effect and safety of brinzolamide ophthalmic solution in open angle glaucoma patients","volume":"103","author":"Wang TH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30750-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76990-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090100051026"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.4284","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.4284","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.4284","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T23:22:46Z","timestamp":1741303366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.4284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.4284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.4284","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]]}}}