{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:46:59Z","timestamp":1785307619780,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A frequent objective in medical research is the investigation of differences in patient survival between several experimental treatments and one standard treatment. In order to assess these differences statistically, we have to apply adjustments for multiple comparisons to prevent an increased number of false\u2010positive findings. The most prominent procedure of this type is the Bonferroni correction, which maintains the error level but leads to conservative results. On the basis of a general statistical framework for simultaneous inference, we propose a new statistical procedure for many\u2010to\u2010one comparisons of treatments with adjustment for covariates for clustered survival data modeled by a frailty Cox model. In contrast to the Bonferroni method, dependencies between estimated effects are taken into account. The resulting simultaneous confidence intervals for the hazard ratios of the experimental treatments compared with a control can be interpreted in terms of both statistical significance and clinical importance. The quality of the new procedure is judged by the coverage probability for the simultaneous confidence intervals. Simulation results show an acceptable performance in balanced and various unbalanced designs. The practical merits are demonstrated by a reanalysis of a chronic myelogeneous leukemia clinical trial. The procedure presented here works well for multiple comparisons with a control with adjustment for covariates for survival data from multicenter clinical trials. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T16:29:04Z","timestamp":1321547344000},"page":"45-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dunnett\u2010type inference in the frailty Cox model with covariates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Herberich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Statistik Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen DE\u201080539 Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Hothorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Statistik Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen DE\u201080539 Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdp352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.9007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.12.4064.bloodjournal84124064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1096","article-title":"A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control","volume":"50","author":"Dunnett CW","year":"1955","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780110807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780142302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10543400802622501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3924"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9574.1991.tb01307.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<353::AID-SIM333>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life tables","volume":"34","author":"Cox DR","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.2.363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1599"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Multivariate generalizations of the proportional hazards model","volume":"34","author":"Clayton DG","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780071105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20001230)19:24<3309::AID-SIM825>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1992.10476251","article-title":"Estimating a multivariate proportional hazards model for clustered data using the EM algorithm","volume":"87","author":"Guo G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532345"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"A counting process approach to maximum likelihood estimation in frailty models","volume":"19","author":"Nielsen GG","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/1061860031365"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420010909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"HothornT BretzF WestfallP.multcomp: simultaneous inference for general linear hypotheses 2009.http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=multcomp R package version 1.1\u20106."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1030563982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1992.10476248"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780132307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.01016.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01689-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","volume-title":"mvtnorm: Multivariate Normal and t Distributions","author":"Genz A","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2004.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19821101)50:9<1683::AID-CNCR2820500904>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.11.850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Simulation study for misspecifications on a frailty model","volume":"15","author":"Ferreira A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-7983-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"TundoJ.Frailty models for the between center variation in survival following rectum cancer diagnosis.Master's Thesis Universiteit Gent 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TherneauT.coxme: mixed effects Cox models 2009.http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=coxme R package version 2.0.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.coxme"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.4403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.4403","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.4403","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T05:27:02Z","timestamp":1741930022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.4403"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.4403"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.4403","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]]}}}