{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T19:25:13Z","timestamp":1771874713925,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]],"date-time":"2007-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8873,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper addresses the statistical analysis of data from a pair of two period change\u2010over design studies from two centers. These studies compared an active treatment with placebo for the relief of heartburn. The principal response variable was whether or not the patient experienced relief for heartburn from a symptom\u2010provoking meal within 15 minutes of the initial dose of treatment. Other response variables were an ordinal response classification for the pattern of relief for up to two doses and a composite measure for time to relief. Categorical data methods and non\u2010parametric rank methods for the analysis of such responses are described. A result of interest is the significance of (treatment x period) interaction (i.e. carry\u2010over effects). It is interpreted as a tendency for less effective placebo treatment in the period following the active period compared with the first period; in contrast, the active treatment was equally effective in both periods. Discussion centers on the implications of this finding for conclusions concerning the comparison of the active treatment with placebo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780020312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,9]],"date-time":"2010-07-09T10:02:28Z","timestamp":1278669748000},"page":"397-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Some non\u2010parametric and categorical data analyses for a change\u2010over design study and discussion of apparent carry\u2010over effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Gary G.","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saul L.","family":"Gitomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorie","family":"Skalland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura E.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_3","first-page":"727","volume":"30","year":"1974","journal-title":"Corrigenda: Biometrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530496"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"411","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences","author":"Patterson H. 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G.\u2018A macro for multivariate randomization analyses of stratified sample data\u2019 Proceedings of the Fifth Annual SAS Users Group International Conference 134\u2013144(1980)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.01.050180.001115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01109.x","article-title":"Regression models for ordinal data","volume":"42","author":"McCullagh P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semenya K. A. Koch G. G. Stokes M. E.andForthofer R. N.\u2018Linear models methods for some rank function analyses of ordinal categorical data\u2019 Communications in Statistics forthcoming (1983).","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928308828531"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.2307\/1402613","article-title":"Categorical data analysis: some reflections on the log\u2010linear model and logistic regression","volume":"49","author":"Imrey P. 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