{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T22:01:32Z","timestamp":1751320892074,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4215,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We address the problem of testing for independence between<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>in two situations. In the first we assume that the joint distribution of<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>is unknown but the observations on<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>are identifiable. In the second case we assume that the distribution of<jats:italic>(X, Y)<\/jats:italic>is exchangeable. Here we consider both when<jats:italic>(X, Y)<\/jats:italic>are identifiable and when they are not. We illustrate applications to the testing of independence in DNA databases and in twin studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780141504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,29]],"date-time":"2007-04-29T02:16:38Z","timestamp":1177812998000},"page":"1621-1639","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Testing independence when the form of the bivariate distribution is unspecified"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Seymour","family":"Geisser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/68.2.451"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2532296"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1978.10481567","article-title":"Small sample comparisons of exact levels for chi\u2010square goodness\u2010of\u2010fit statistics","volume":"73","author":"Larntz K.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1979.tb01057.x","article-title":"The use of chi\u2010squared statistics for categorical data problems","volume":"41","author":"Fienberg S. E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01737398"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729754"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2333142"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2530292"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"841","article-title":"Fixed bin analysis for statistical evaluation of continuous distribution of allelic data from VNTR loci for use in forensic comparisons","volume":"48","author":"Budowle B.","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"DNA fingerprinting: A review of the controversy","volume":"9","author":"Roeder K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1992.10475213","article-title":"Forensic inference from DNA fingerprints","volume":"87","author":"Devlin B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"324","article-title":"Physical properties of VNTR data and their impact on a test of allelic independence","volume":"53","author":"Devlin B.","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Testing Hardy\u2014Weinberg equilibrium on alleic data from VNTR loci","volume":"51","author":"Geisser S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Testing independence of fragment lengths within VNTR loci","volume":"53","author":"Geisser S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1845040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"992","article-title":"Independence of VNTR alleles defined as floating bins","volume":"51","author":"Weir B. S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waller N. G.andShaver P. R.\u2018The importance of nongenetic influences on romantic love styles: A twin\u2010family study\u2019 Psychological Science 1\u20137(1994).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00624.x"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.4780141504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.4780141504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T23:25:35Z","timestamp":1736983535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.4780141504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,15]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.4780141504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.4780141504","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0277-6715"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0258"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,15]]}}}