{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:20:46Z","timestamp":1774653646957,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NIDCR","award":["U01DE017018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DE017018"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIDCR","award":["R03DE023592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DE023592"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIEHS","award":["T32ES007018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ES007018"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIEHS","award":["R01ES021900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES021900"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NIEHS","award":["P03ES010126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P03ES010126"]}]},{"name":"NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program","award":["0646083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0646083"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCI","award":["P01CA142538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA142538"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCATS","award":["UL1TR001111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a prospective cohort study, examining all participants for incidence of the condition of interest may be prohibitively expensive. For example, the \u201cgold standard\u201d for diagnosing temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a physical examination by a trained clinician. In large studies, examining all participants in this manner is infeasible. Instead, it is common to use questionnaires to screen for incidence of TMD and perform the \u201cgold standard\u201d examination only on participants who screen positively. Unfortunately, some participants may leave the study before receiving the \u201cgold standard\u201d examination. Within the framework of survival analysis, this results in missing failure indicators. Motivated by the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) study, a large cohort study of TMD, we propose a method for parameter estimation in survival models with missing failure indicators. We estimate the probability of being an incident case for those lacking a \u201cgold standard\u201d examination using logistic regression. These estimated probabilities are used to generate multiple imputations of case status for each missing examination that are combined with observed data in appropriate regression models. The variance introduced by the procedure is estimated using multiple imputation. The method can be used to estimate both regression coefficients in Cox proportional hazard models as well as incidence rates using Poisson regression. We simulate data with missing failure indicators and show that our method performs as well as or better than competing methods. Finally, we apply the proposed method to data from the OPPERA study. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,5]],"date-time":"2015-08-05T02:03:04Z","timestamp":1438740184000},"page":"3984-3996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Parameter estimation in Cox models with missing failure indicators and the OPPERA study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Naomi C.","family":"Brownstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ion Cyclotron Resonance Facility, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Florida State University  Tallahassee FL U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Statistics Florida State University  Tallahassee FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill NC 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