{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:36:41Z","timestamp":1790789801832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201021\u2010CE36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201021\u2010CE36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Given the high incidence of cardio and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), and their association with morbidity and mortality, their prevention is a major public health issue. A high level of blood pressure is a well\u2010known risk factor for these events, and an increasing number of studies suggest that blood pressure variability may also be an independent risk factor. However, these studies suffer from significant methodological weaknesses. In this work, we propose a new location\u2010scale joint model for the repeated measures of a marker and competing events. This joint model combines a mixed model including a subject\u2010specific and time\u2010dependent residual variance modeled through random effects, and cause\u2010specific proportional intensity models for the competing events. The risk of events may depend simultaneously on the current value of the variance, as well as, the current value and the current slope of the marker trajectory. The model is estimated by maximizing the likelihood function using the Marquardt\u2013Levenberg algorithm. The estimation procedure is implemented in an R\u2010package and is validated through a simulation study. This model is applied to study the association between blood pressure variability and the risk of CVD and death from other causes. Using data from a large clinical trial on the secondary prevention of stroke, we find that the current individual variability of blood pressure is associated with the risk of CVD and death. Moreover, the comparison with a model without heterogeneous variance shows the importance of taking into account this variability in the goodness\u2010of\u2010fit and for dynamic predictions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.70244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T15:41:18Z","timestamp":1757086878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Location\u2010Scale Joint Model for Studying the Link Between the Time\u2010Dependent Subject\u2010Specific Variability of Blood Pressure and Competing Events"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8008-2007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9onie","family":"Courcoul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, U1219  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Tzourio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, U1219  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health Imperial College London  UK"},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, U1219  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Jacqmin\u2010Gadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health, U1219  France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1878\u20106480(16)30330\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200312000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(10)60308\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.193094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/69.2.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b19109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b12208"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"809","article-title":"Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Time\u2010To\u2010Event Data: An Overview","volume":"14","author":"Tsiatis A. 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