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During a trial, patients may experience intercurrent events, that is, events after treatment assignment which affect the interpretation or existence of the outcome of interest. In many settings, a treatment effect in the scenario in which the intercurrent event would not occur is of clinical interest. A proper estimation method of such a hypothetical treatment effect has to account for all confounders of the recurrent event process and the intercurrent event. In this paper, we propose estimators targeting hypothetical estimands in recurrent events with proper adjustments of baseline and internal time\u2010varying covariates. Specifically, we apply inverse probability weighting (IPW) to the commonly used Lin\u2010Wei\u2010Yang\u2010Ying (LWYY) and negative binomial (NB) models in recurrent event analysis. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach outperforms alternative analytical methods in terms of bias and power.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.70485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T23:35:46Z","timestamp":1775518546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inverse Probability Weighting for Recurrent Event Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5994-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiren","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4111-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"M\u00fctze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Methodology Novartis Pharma AG  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7207-5330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianmeng","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Methodology Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation  East Hanover New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139023986"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu222"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3314912"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345976"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"ICH \u201cE9(R1) Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials: Addendum on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials \u201d(2019) https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/E9\u2010R1_Step4_Guideline_2019_1203.pdf. accessed: 2024\u201012\u201016."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19466315.2017.1302358"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-052953"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02969-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19466315.2022.2081599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19466315.2022.2055633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200009000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200009000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026646231600026X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216642264"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30475-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30190-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"The Statistical Analysis of Recurrent Events","author":"Cook R. 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