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Motivated by a longitudinal RCT evaluating a behavioural intervention, the Arthritis Health Journal (AHJ), we propose a latent\u2010factor multivariate complier average causal effects (MCACE) model for multidimensional longitudinal outcomes with principal strata of compliance types for parsimonious estimation of intervention effects in RCTs with treatment noncompliance. Within each compliance type, a factor regression model relates multiple outcomes to latent constructs, which follow hierarchical regression models. Under the model, high dimensional outcomes are reduced to low dimensional latent factors. This dimension reduction leads to a parsimonious and efficient test of overall CACEs on multiple outcomes, mitigating the multiple testing issues associated with multidimensional outcomes and weak instrumental variable problems associated with low compliance rates. Simulation studies demonstrate that the latent\u2010factor MCACE model outperforms univariate CACE analysis in terms of both statistical power and Type I error control. The application to the AHJ study selects two underlying factors (self\u2010efficacy and interaction with health care providers). Significant and beneficial treatment effects are detected on both factors. Overall, our analysis directly answers the main scientific questions posed by the RCT and yields novel findings not discovered previously.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.70532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T04:18:02Z","timestamp":1777263482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Latent\u2010factor MCACE Model for Multidimensional Outcomes and Treatment Noncompliance with Application to a Longitudinal Trial of Arthritis Health Journal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lulu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science Dana\u2010Farber Cancer Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9401-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sauder School of Business University of British Columbia  British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Lacaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada Vancouver  British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3328-7135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University  British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Arthritis Research Canada Vancouver  British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90260-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780132108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2951620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1034276631"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv065"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","article-title":"Proof of Concept Study of the Arthritis Health Journal: An Online Tool to Promote Self\u2010Monitoring in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"2334","author":"Lacaille D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting Abstract"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(02)00032-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3851-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"New Developments and Techniques in Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Jo B.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/13-AOAS674"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2013.802238"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2287653"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177012032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/1.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119970583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research","author":"Brown T. 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