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Under the counterfactual framework with sequential ignorability, generalized linear and spline\u2010based proportional hazards (PH) models are employed to depict path\u2010specific effects (PSEs) of an exposure on the interested failure time mediated through multiple mediators. In particular, the PSEs are derived on the basis of both survival probability and restricted mean survival time, bypassing the restrictive rare outcome assumption inherent in the PH model. A sieve maximum likelihood method is proposed to estimate all unknown parameters in the PH model. Simulation studies demonstrate the satisfactory empirical performances of the proposed mediation method. A real\u2010world data analysis quantifies the mediation effects of Apolipoprotein E\u20104 allele on the risk of developing the Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.70583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:35:45Z","timestamp":1778495745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mediation Analysis of Failure Time Data Under Interval Censoring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Yanpeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Statistics Guangzhou University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Statistics Guangzhou University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01426-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001518"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S363429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Identifiability of Path\u2010Specific Effects","author":"Avin C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2020.1765785"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.13402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2020.1811709"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821c680c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821db37e"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2020.1863154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8058"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssc.12188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-37119-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/85.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asw013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.13565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomtc\/ujaf010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70325-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomtc\/ujae078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2024.2368023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182163b62"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09622802211003113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/10-STS321"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","volume-title":"Numerical Mathematics","author":"Quarteroni A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Monotone Regression Splines in Action","volume":"32","author":"Ramsay J. 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