{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T08:09:54Z","timestamp":1790150994214,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12288201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12288201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12322113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12322113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11901599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11901599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71991474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71991474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72495122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72495122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDA0500400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA0500400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025A1515012189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A1515012189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the elderly, and characterizing the time to conversion to AD is crucial in preventative treatment. While existing statistical methods have proven effective in modeling AD conversion involving various clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging predictors, limited research has explored scenarios where these predictors are shapes derived from the shape space, a nonlinear Hilbert space. In addition, the linear relationship assumption in existing methods may be violated, leading to substantial efficiency losses in real\u2010world applications. To address these challenges, we propose a shape\u2010based partially linear single\u2010index Cox (SPLS\u2010Cox) model that accommodates both scalar and shape predictors. This new development is motivated by establishing the likelihood of conversion to AD in 372 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, leveraging the early shape\u2010based markers of conversion extracted from the brain white matter region, corpus callosum (CC). These 372 MCI patients were followed over 48 months, during which 161 progressed to AD. Our SPLS\u2010Cox model establishes both the estimation procedure and the pointwise confidence band. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the finite\u2010sample performance of our SPLS\u2010Cox. The real application reveals that the CC contour shape is a significant predictor for AD conversion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.70708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:33:28Z","timestamp":1787632408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shape\u2010Based Partially Linear Single\u2010Index Cox Model for Alzheimer's Disease Conversion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Xuqiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengxian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenliang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Sciences, Academy of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1157-4291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; Biostatistics University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200110000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828726f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100729970006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOAS879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2022.2102984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38793-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280217748675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11060674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211029551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.688926"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asac007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280217722177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09622802211012015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.2022.2102027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-statistics-041715-033624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/insr.12163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.3.799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"11496","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Huang C.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology","author":"Bookstein F. L.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/16-AOS1441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2019.1710155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2005.00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2005.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-4020-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1909.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610926.2025.2495347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"Local Polynomial Modelling and Its Applications: Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability","author":"Fan J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1022057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10463-014-0488-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2005.030814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/jcgs.2010.10007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471082X14565526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.911504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.8.1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550160069041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d7d8cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000225375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000327753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90135-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214506000001374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/jasa.2010.tm09313"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.70708","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/sim.70708","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.70708","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:45:08Z","timestamp":1790149508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.70708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20-22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.70708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.70708","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70708"}}