{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:57:09Z","timestamp":1776326229998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"27","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,18]],"date-time":"2018-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a multivariable logistic regression setting where measuring a continuous exposure requires an expensive assay, a design in which the biomarker is measured in pooled samples from multiple subjects can be very cost effective. A logistic regression model for poolwise data is available, but validity requires that the assay yields the precise mean exposure for members of each pool. To account for errors, we assume the assay returns the true mean exposure plus a measurement error (ME) and\/or a processing error (PE). We pursue likelihood\u2010based inference for a binary health\u2010related outcome modeled by logistic regression coupled with a normal linear model relating individual\u2010level exposure to covariates and assuming that the ME and PE components are independent and normally distributed regardless of pool size. We compare this approach with a discriminant function\u2010based alternative, and we demonstrate the potential value of incorporating replicates into the study design. Applied to a reproductive health dataset with pools of size 2 along with individual samples and replicates, the model fit with both ME and PE had a lower AIC than a model accounting for ME only. Relative to ignoring errors, this model suggested a somewhat higher (though still nonsignificant) adjusted log\u2010odds ratio associating the cytokine <jats:italic>MCP\u20101<\/jats:italic> with risk of spontaneous abortion. Simulations modeled after these data confirm validity of the methods, demonstrate how ME and particularly PE can reduce the efficiency advantage of a pooling design, and highlight the value of replicates in improving stability when both errors are present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T08:35:36Z","timestamp":1531989336000},"page":"4007-4021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Logistic regression with a continuous exposure measured in pools and subject to errors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dane R.","family":"Van Domelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta 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