{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:53:48Z","timestamp":1772272428740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI122991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI122991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1-AI068635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1-AI068635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003896","name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-07-2-0067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-07-2-0067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While studying the association between risk of HIV\u20101 infection and vaccine\u2010elicited immune responses in preventative HIV\u20101 vaccine recipients, we encountered a need to combine a collection of biomarkers in an unsupervised fashion with the goal of preserving signal diversity within that collection. Inspired by methods for weighting protein sequences from the biological sequence analysis literature, we propose novel methods for weighting biomarkers, which we call maximum diversity weights. These weights are defined as the weights that maximize measures of signal diversity within a collection of biomarkers. While the optimization problems do not admit analytical solutions, they are convex and hence can be solved efficiently using iterative search algorithms. Through Monte Carlo studies and a real data example from HIV\u20101 vaccine research, we show that using maximum diversity weights in association studies can lead to an increase in power over other commonly used weights such as uniform weights or principal component\u2010based weights.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T10:12:43Z","timestamp":1560939163000},"page":"3936-3946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Maximum diversity weighting for biomarkers with application in HIV\u20101 vaccine studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Zonglin","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center  Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4230-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youyi","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center  Seattle Washington"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Washington  Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440109462720"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.9.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511790492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(99)80003-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.1995.2.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(94)90032-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"KroghA MitchisonGJ.Maximum entropy weighting of aligned sequences of proteins or DNA. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology;1995;Cambridge UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Asymptotic Statistics","author":"van\u00a0der Vaart AW","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2005.00532.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2007.00627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301456110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.1"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.8212","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.8212","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/sim.8212","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.8212","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T02:49:25Z","timestamp":1693709365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.8212"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.8212"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.8212","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}