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This is due to the contemporaneous and cross\u2010temporal associations between multiple longitudinal outcomes. Graphical and data\u2010driven tools that can aid in visualizing the dependence patterns among multiple longitudinal outcomes are not readily available. In this work, we show the role of graphical techniques: profile plots, and multivariate regressograms, in developing mean and covariance models for multivariate longitudinal data. We introduce an R package<jats:styled-content>MLGM<\/jats:styled-content>(Multivariate Longitudinal Graphical Models) to facilitate visualization and modeling mean and covariance patterns. Through two real studies, microarray data from the T\u2010cell activation study and Mayo Clinic's primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver study, we show the key features of MLGM. We evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed mean\u2010covariance estimation approach through simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T23:16:08Z","timestamp":1623971768000},"page":"4977-4995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graphical models for mean and covariance of multivariate longitudinal data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0938-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Kohli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics Connecticut College New London Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840200120"},{"volume-title":"Linear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data","year":"2000","author":"Verbeke G","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198524847.001.0001","volume-title":"Analysis of Longitudinal Data","author":"Diggle PJ","year":"2002"},{"volume-title":"Models for Discrete Longitudinal Data","year":"2005","author":"Molenberghs G","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280209340191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280212445834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02664760120011626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3758(01)00235-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spl.2005.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280206075305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10742-012-0103-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/15-AOAS816"},{"issue":"192","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of multivariate longitudinal kidney function outcomes using generalized linear mixed models","volume":"13","author":"Jaffa MA","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2015.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610926.2017.1395045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00362-016-0840-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13571-019-00197-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1982.10477785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929108830562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"BoscardinW WeissR. 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