{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T13:51:27Z","timestamp":1783691487317,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Timely diagnostic testing for active SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 viral infections is key to controlling the spread of the virus and preventing severe disease. A central public health challenge is defining test allocation strategies with limited resources. In this paper, we provide a mathematical framework for defining an optimal strategy for allocating viral diagnostic tests. The framework accounts for imperfect test results, selective testing in certain high\u2010risk patient populations, practical constraints in terms of budget and\/or total number of available tests, and the purpose of testing. Our method is not only useful for detecting infections, but can also be used for long\u2010time surveillance to detect new outbreaks. In our proposed approach, tests can be allocated across population strata defined by symptom severity and other patient characteristics, allowing the test allocation plan to prioritize higher risk patient populations. We illustrate our framework using historical data from the initial wave of the COVID\u201019 outbreak in New York City. We extend our proposed method to address the challenge of allocating two different types of diagnostic tests with different costs and accuracy, for example, the RT\u2010PCR and the rapid antigen test (RAT), under budget constraints. We show how this latter framework can be useful to reopening of college campuses where university administrators are challenged with finite resources for community surveillance. We provide a R Shiny web application allowing users to explore test allocation strategies across a variety of pandemic scenarios. This work can serve as a useful tool for guiding public health decision\u2010making at a community level and adapting testing plans to different stages of an epidemic. The conceptual framework has broader relevance beyond the current COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T01:16:52Z","timestamp":1635211012000},"page":"310-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Optimal diagnostic test allocation strategy during the COVID\u201019 pandemic and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7768-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiacong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3788-5944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"J Beesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunggeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Data Science Seoul\u00a0National University  Seoul Republic\u00a0of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7852-2269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0118-4561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhramar","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1112","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","article-title":"COVID\u201019 epidemic in Switzerland: on the importance of testing, contact tracing and isolation","volume":"150","author":"Salath\u00e9 M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Med Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.21694"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"GrasslyN Pons SalortM ParkerE et al.Report 16: role of testing in COVID\u201019 control; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration.Coronavirus testing basics.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer\u2010updates\/coronavirus\u2010testing\u2010basics. 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