{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:57:42Z","timestamp":1789477062722,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data collected in the context of usual care present a rich source of longitudinal data for research, but often require analyses that simultaneously enable causal inferences from observational data while handling irregular and informative assessment times. An inverse\u2010weighting approach to this was recently proposed, and handles the case where the assessment times are at random (ie, conditionally independent of the outcome process given the observed history). In this paper, we extend the inverse\u2010weighting approach to handle a special case of assessment not at random, where assessment and outcome processes are conditionally independent given past observed covariates and random effects. We use multiple outputation to accomplish the same purpose as inverse\u2010weighting, and apply it to the Liang semi\u2010parametric joint model. Moreover, we develop an alternative joint model that does not require covariates for the outcome model to be known at times where there is no assessment of the outcome. We examine the performance of these methods through simulation and illustrate them through a study of the causal effect of wheezing on time spent playing outdoors among children aged 2\u20139 years and enrolled in the TargetKids! study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T22:54:25Z","timestamp":1681426465000},"page":"2361-2393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Causal inference with longitudinal data subject to irregular assessment times"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4265-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor M.","family":"Pullenayegum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Birken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences Hospital for Sick Children  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"Maguire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics St Michael's Hospital  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics &amp; Nutritional Sciences University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute Unity Health Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The TARGet Kids! 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