{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:29:28Z","timestamp":1791725368549,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,21]],"date-time":"2001-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1008892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consideration of gene\u2013environment (<jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u00d7<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>) interaction is becoming increasingly important in the design of new epidemiologic studies. We present a method for computing required sample size or power to detect <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u00d7<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic> interaction in the context of three specific designs: the standard matched case\u2010control; the case\u2010sibling, and the case\u2010parent designs. The method is based on computation of the expected value of the likelihood ratio test statistic, assuming that the data will be analysed using conditional logistic regression. Comparisons of required sample sizes indicate that the family\u2010based designs (case\u2010sibling and case\u2010parent) generally require fewer matched sets than the case\u2010control design to achieve the same power for detecting a <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\u00d7<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic> interaction. The case\u2010sibling design is most efficient when studying a dominant gene, while the case\u2010parent design is preferred for a recessive gene. Methods are also presented for computing sample size when matched sets are obtained from a stratified population, for example, when the population consists of multiple ethnic groups. A software program that implements the method is freely available, and may be downloaded from the website <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/hydra.usc.edu\/gxe\">http:\/\/hydra.usc.edu\/gxe<\/jats:ext-link>. Copyright \u00a9 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T16:29:00Z","timestamp":1030292940000},"page":"35-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":556,"title":["Sample size requirements for matched case\u2010control studies of gene\u2013environment interaction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"W. 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