{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T18:22:06Z","timestamp":1774981326474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":671,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000296","name":"British Skin Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lichen sclerosus (LSc) is a chronic, inflammatory, destructive skin disease with a predilection for the genitalia (GLSc). An association with vulval (Vu) and penile (Pe) squamous carcinoma (SCC) is now well established but melanoma (MM) has only rarely been reported complicating GLSc.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have performed a systematic literature review of GLSc in patients with genital melanoma (GMM). Only articles that mentioned both GMM and LSc affecting either the penis or vulva were included.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twelve studies with a total of 20 patients were included. Our review shows that an association of GLSc with GMM has been more frequently reported in women and female children than men viz, 17 cases compared with three. It is notable that five of the cases (27.8%) concerned female children aged under twelve.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These data suggest a rare association between GLSc and GMM. If proven, there arise intriguing questions about pathogenesis and consequences for counselling of patients and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T05:50:22Z","timestamp":1670824222000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genital Lichen Sclerosus and Melanoma; A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1395-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharmaine J. Y.","family":"Sim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Medical School , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Dear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evanthia","family":"Mastoraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariel","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiman","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ellery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6364-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussain M.","family":"Alnajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Muneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8337-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Watchorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Kravvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0001","volume-title":"Rook's textbook of dermatology","author":"Lewis","year":"2016","edition":"9th ed"},{"key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0002","volume-title":"Rook's textbook of dermatology","author":"Bunker","edition":"10th ed"},{"key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0003","volume-title":"Male genital skin disease","author":"Bunker","year":"2019","edition":"2nd ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.3404","article-title":"Primary melanoma of the penis in 3 patients with lichen sclerosus","volume":"152","author":"Turnbull","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.133.3.345","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma in childhood","volume":"133","author":"Egan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0736-8046.2004.21412.x","article-title":"Malignant melanoma associated with lichen sclerosus in the vulva of a 10-year-old","volume":"21","author":"Hassanein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.07.034","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma in a 10-year-old girl in association with lichen sclerosus","volume":"54","author":"Rosamilia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12838","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma associated with lichen sclerosus in a child: case report and literature review","volume":"33","author":"La Spina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.1.77","article-title":"Melanocytic proliferations associated with lichen sclerosus","volume":"138","author":"Carlson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1659","article-title":"A clinicopathological review of 33 patients with vulvar melanoma identifies c-KIT as a prognostic marker","volume":"33","author":"Heinzelmann-Schwarz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3103","article-title":"Association of vulvar melanoma with lichen sclerosus","volume":"99","author":"Hieta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200206000-00008","article-title":"Vulvar malignant melanoma associated with human papillomavirus DNA: report of two cases and review of literature","volume":"24","author":"Rohwedder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dad.0000245202.59762.09","article-title":"Epidermodysplasia verruciformis and cutaneous human papillomavirus DNA, but not genital human papillomavirus DNAs, are frequently detected in vulvar and vaginal melanoma","volume":"29","author":"Rohwedder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02505308","article-title":"Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the vulva. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"259","author":"Ulmer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/cmr.0b013e3282f94636","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma: a report of 10 cases and review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"De Simone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.15127","article-title":"Male genital lichen sclerosus, micro incontinence and occlusion: mapping the disease across the prepuce","volume":"47","author":"Kravvas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15252","article-title":"Balanopreputial sac and urine microbiota in patients with male genital lichen sclerosus","volume":"60","author":"Watchorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.09.034","article-title":"Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of lichen sclerosus: a systematic review","volume":"135","author":"Fergus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"The management of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN): clinical and histological features and treatment of 345 patients and a review of the literature","author":"Kravvas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14488","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of male genital lichen sclerosus: a retrospective review of 301 patients","volume":"32","author":"Kravvas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2011.04155.x","article-title":"Clinical parameters in male genital lichen sclerosus: a case series of 329 patients","volume":"26","author":"Edmonds","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599709030641","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Findings after complete circumcision","volume":"31","author":"Liatsikos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0023","first-page":"61s","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"63","author":"Bottles","year":"1984","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200204000-00005","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-negative spindle cell carcinoma of the vulva associated with lichen sclerosus: case report and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Santos-Briz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0025","first-page":"16","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva in association with vulval lichen sclerosus et atrophicus","volume":"78","author":"Thomas","year":"1985","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2019.09.013","article-title":"Vulvar malignant pleomorphic adenoma in a patient with lichen sclerosus","volume":"5","author":"Hieta","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14560","article-title":"Current insights into the aetiology, pathobiology, and management of local disease recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"124","author":"Yap","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010150","article-title":"Anorectal and genital mucosal melanoma: diagnostic challenges, current knowledge and therapeutic opportunities of rare melanomas","volume":"10","author":"Ottaviano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930301)71:5<1893::AID-CNCR2820710528>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the vulva and vagina. Trends in incidence, age distribution, and long-term survival among 245 consecutive cases in Sweden 1960\u20131984","volume":"71","author":"Ragnarsson-Olding","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90137-6","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the vulva and vagina in the United States: patterns of incidence and population-based estimates of survival","volume":"171","author":"Weinstock","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/cmr.0000000000000788","article-title":"Clinical features, molecular characteristics and surgical management of primary penile mucosal melanoma based on the European Association of Urology Penile Cancer Guidelines","volume":"32","author":"Cakir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860410031372","article-title":"Primary malignant melanoma of the vulva \u2013 an aggressive tumor for modeling the genesis of non-UV light-associated melanomas","volume":"43","author":"Ragnarsson-Olding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0033","first-page":"341","article-title":"Childhood malignant melanoma. Incidence and etiology","volume":"7","author":"Bader","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910630602","article-title":"Incidence of cutaneous childhood melanoma in Queensland, Australia","volume":"63","author":"Whiteman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0035","volume-title":"Rook's textbook of dermatology","author":"Grob","year":"2016","edition":"9th ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.07.009","article-title":"Melanoma of the glans penis and urethra","volume":"83","author":"Pape\u0161","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20866","article-title":"Incidence of noncutaneous melanomas in the U.S.","volume":"103","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/01443619866228","article-title":"Vaginal melanoma: a current review","volume":"18","author":"Zaffar","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991001)86:7<1273::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Malignant melanoma of the vulva in a nationwide, 25-year study of 219 Swedish females: clinical observations and histopathologic features","volume":"86","author":"Ragnarsson-Olding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.07.009","article-title":"Vulvar melanoma: diffuse melanosis and metastasis to the placenta","volume":"50","author":"Alexander","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::AID-CNCR23>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society","volume":"83","author":"Chang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2002.6848","article-title":"Mucosal melanoma of the female genital tract is a multifocal disorder","volume":"88","author":"Lotem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0043","first-page":"844","article-title":"Clinicopathologic comparison of vulvar and extragenital lichen sclerosus: histologic variants, evolving lesions, and etiology of 141 cases","volume":"11","author":"Carlson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.1998.1998015085.x","article-title":"Human papillomavirus is present in some cases of childhood penile lichen sclerosus: an in situ hybridization and SP-PCR study","volume":"15","author":"Drut","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00371780","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection in vulvar lesions of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus","volume":"283","author":"Kiene","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(95)90030-6","article-title":"Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: age, morphological phenotype, papillomavirus DNA, and coexisting invasive carcinoma","volume":"26","author":"Haefner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1994.1028","article-title":"Human papillomavirus, lichen sclerosus, and squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: detection and prognostic significance","volume":"52","author":"Ansink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(99)70245-8","article-title":"Penile cancer among patients with genital lichen sclerosus","volume":"41","author":"Nasca","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1997.4834","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, in various synchronous epithelial changes and in normal vulvar skin","volume":"67","author":"Kagie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00129039-200106000-00008","article-title":"Concordant p53 and mdm-2 protein expression in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent lichen sclerosus","volume":"9","author":"Carlson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)64610-x","article-title":"Chromosome 17 aneusomy detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas and synchronous vulvar skin","volume":"157","author":"Carlson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200002000-00002","article-title":"Comparative immunophenotypic study of lichen sclerosus: epidermotropic CD57+ lymphocytes are numerous \u2013 implications for pathogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Carlson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-200204000-00001","article-title":"Possible mechanisms of hypopigmentation in lichen sclerosus","volume":"24","author":"Carlson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688908200911","article-title":"Hypothesis: possible role for the melatonin receptor in vitiligo: discussion paper","volume":"82","author":"Slominski","year":"1989","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/s1357-2725(97)00013-7","article-title":"Melanin","volume":"29","author":"Riley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0056","first-page":"93","article-title":"Genetically determined susceptibility markers in skin cancer and their application to chemoprevention","volume":"154","author":"Hahn","year":"2001","journal-title":"IARC Sci Publ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06344.x","article-title":"Presence of high-risk mucosal human papillomavirus genotypes in primary melanoma and in acquired dysplastic melanocytic naevi","volume":"152","author":"La Placa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1309\/65mkpqt3e2bdm67e","article-title":"Analysis of clonality and HPV infection in benign, hyperplastic, premalignant, and malignant lesions of the vulvar mucosa","volume":"122","author":"Ueda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00117.x","article-title":"The under-reporting of skin disease in association with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva","volume":"21","author":"Zaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0060","first-page":"253","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in association with lichen sclerosus on the vulva of a 14-year-old","volume":"6","author":"Friedman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890460140026","article-title":"Vulvar nevi, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, and vitiligo","volume":"133","author":"Carlson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.111.12.1588","article-title":"Pseudomelanoma: recurrent melanocytic nevus following partial surgical removal","volume":"111","author":"Kornberg","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0063","first-page":"122","article-title":"Recurrent pigmented melanocytic nevus. A benign lesion, not to be mistaken for malignant melanoma","volume":"115","author":"Sexton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190-9622(87)70204-7","article-title":"Recurrent melanocytic nevi: clinical and histologic review of 175 cases","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2003.09.034","article-title":"Genital lentigines and melanocytic nevi with superimposed lichen sclerosus: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"50","author":"El Shabrawi-Caelen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.02.017","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus-associated nevus on glans penis mimicking melanoma","volume":"6","author":"Tekin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"2s1","key":"2025010818103945600_ski2198-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.07.015","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus of the glans simulating melanoma","volume":"76","author":"Sollena","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Skin Health and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ski2.198","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ski2.198","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/skinhd\/article-pdf\/3\/2\/ski2.198\/59728880\/skinhd_3_2_e198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/skinhd\/article-pdf\/3\/2\/ski2.198\/59728880\/skinhd_3_2_e198.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T18:10:47Z","timestamp":1736359847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/skinhd\/article\/doi\/10.1002\/ski2.198\/7755574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ski2.198","relation":{},"ISSN":["2690-442X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2690-442X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"article-number":"ski2.198"}}