{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:05:34Z","timestamp":1788433534064,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":561,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA084203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA084203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009230","name":"Norris Cotton Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used as a treatment for actinic keratoses (AK), with new sunlight-based regimens proposed as alternatives to lamp-based treatments. Prescribing indoor daylight activation could help address the seasonal temperature, clinical supervision, and access variability associated with outdoor treatments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare the AK lesion clearance efficacy of indoor daylight PDT treatment (30 min of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) pre-incubation, followed by 2 h of indoor sunlight) versus a lamp-based PDT treatment (30 min of ALA preincubation, followed by 10 min of red light).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 41 patients. Topical 10% ALA was applied to the entire treatment site (face, forehead, scalp). Patients were assigned to either the lamp-based or indoor daylight treatment. Actinic keratosis lesion counts were determined by clinical examination and recorded for pre-treatment, 1-month, and 6-month follow-up visits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no statistical difference in the efficacy of AK lesion clearance between the red-lamp (1-month clearance = 57 \u00b1 17%, 6-month clearance = 57 \u00b1 20%) and indoor daylight treatment (1-month clearance = 61 \u00b1 19%, 6-month clearance = 67 \u00b1 20%). A 95% confidence interval of the difference of the means was measured between \u22124.4% and 13.4% for 1-month, and \u22122.2% and +23.6% for 6-month timepoints when comparing the indoor daylight to the red-lamp treatment, with a priori interval of equivalence of \u00b120%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ensuring an equivalent dose between the indoor and lamp treatment cohorts limited randomisation since it required performing indoor daylight treatments only during sunny days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Indoor-daylight PDT provided equivalent AK treatment efficacy to a lamp-based regimen while overcoming temperature limitations and UV-block sunscreen issues associated with outdoor sunlight treatments in the winter.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov listing: NCT03805737.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T06:45:24Z","timestamp":1680331524000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Equivalent Efficacy of Indoor Daylight and Lamp-Based 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Actinic Keratosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0577-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan P. M.","family":"LaRochelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine P.","family":"Fahrner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Emond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine , Hanover, New Hampshire ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley S.","family":"Samkoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"Pogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Shane","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010818130230200_ski2226-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12031","article-title":"European guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy part 1: treatment delivery and current indications \u2013 actinic keratoses, Bowen\u2019s disease, basal cell carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Morton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2025010818130230200_ski2226-bib-0002","first-page":"23","article-title":"Pharmacoeconomic analysis of the treatment of multiple actinic keratoses","volume":"7","author":"Gold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Drugs 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