{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:19:24Z","timestamp":1791839964982,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":553,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This article received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and insulin pumps have become the preferred treatment option for most young children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), by avoiding fingerstick testing and providing real-time glucose measurements. These medical devices and their adhesives contain substances which have been identified as being responsible for allergic contact dermatitis. We describe the case of a toddler who developed severe contact dermatitis from her diabetes devices, leading to secondary infections and hospital admissions. This was followed by the development of a symmetrical exanthema with retroauricular and glutaeal distribution. Patch tests were positive for isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and 4-tert-butylcatechol (PTBC). Her symmetrical exanthema was interpreted as systemic contact dermatitis due to IBOA and PTBC in her diabetes devices. We suspect that systemic contact dermatitis is an underreported complication in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T08:10:05Z","timestamp":1680941405000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Toddler with Systemic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Diabetes Devices"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Anne Viktoria","family":"Lyngstadaas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-\u00d8ivind","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Krogvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Karin","family":"M\u00e5l\u00f8y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoffer Aam","family":"Ingvaldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Akershus University Hospital , L\u00f8renskog ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0001","author":"Barnediabetesregisteret","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Norwegian childhood diabetes registry (NCDR) annual report 2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14166","article-title":"Contact dermatitis in children caused by diabetes devices","volume":"87","author":"Alves da Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13664","article-title":"Contact dermatitis caused by glucose sensors, insulin pumps, and tapes: results from a 5-year period","volume":"84","author":"Ahrensb\u00f8ll-Friis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0000000000000861","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis, an important skin reaction in diabetes device users: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Cameli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0000000000000549","article-title":"Isobornyl acrylate","volume":"31","author":"Aerts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0014","article-title":"Isobornyl acrylate and diabetic devices steal the show for the 2020 American Contact Dermatitis Society allergen of the 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give contact dermatitis in children and adults despite efforts of providing less \u2018allergy-prone\u2019 devices: investigation and advice hampered by insufficient material for optimized patch test investigations","volume":"35","author":"Svedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/der.0000000000000767","article-title":"Further evidence of allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2,2'-methylenebis(6- tert-Butyl-4-Methylphenol) monoacrylate, a new sensitizer in the Dexcom G6 glucose sensor","volume":"33","author":"Mowitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2165\/11539080-000000000-00000","article-title":"A systematic approach to systemic contact dermatitis and symmetric drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE): a closer look at these conditions and an approach to intertriginous eruptions","volume":"12","author":"Winnicki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-014-0029-6","article-title":"Systemic contact dermatitis: current challenges and emerging treatments","volume":"1","author":"Lampel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Treat Opt Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.13337","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis caused by glucose sensors in type 1 diabetes patients","volume":"81","author":"Hyry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025010818125948400_ski2234-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22681","article-title":"Para-tertiary butyl catechol 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