{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:33:03Z","timestamp":1790001183712,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":254,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This article received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may present with specific skin lesions, such as leukaemia cutis, which is a well known poor prognostic marker of leukaemia with a high risk of acute leukaemic transformation. However, less is known regarding non-specific cutaneous manifestations of MDS including the prevalence, types and their prognostic and therapeutic significance, which we aimed to determine through this systematic review. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Medline and EMBASE) from inception up to 26 January 2023 for studies reporting cutaneous manifestations of MDS. Eighty eight articles (case reports n = 67, case series n = 21), consisting of 134 patients were identified. We identified 6 common cutaneous manifestations: neutrophilic dermatoses (n = 64), vasculitis (n = 21), granulomatous (n = 8), connective tissue disease (CTD) (n = 7; composed of dermatomyositis (n = 5), cutaneous lupus erythematosus (n = 1), and systemic sclerosis (n = 1)), panniculitis (n = 4), immunobullous (n = 1), and other (n = 29). Cutaneous features either occurred at time of MDS diagnosis in 25.3%, preceding the diagnosis in 34.7% (range 0.5\u2013216 months), or after diagnosis in 40.0% (range 1\u2013132 months). Prognosis was poor (40.2% death) with 34.1% progressing to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). 50% of those with MDS who progressed to AML had neutrophilic dermatoses (p = 0.21). Myelodysplastic syndrome was fatal in 39.2% of neutrophilic dermatoses (median time from onset of cutaneous manifestation: 12 months), 50% of vasculitis (7.5 months), 62.5% of granulomatous (15.5 months) and 14.3% of CTD (7 months). Recognition of patterns of cutaneous features in MDS will improve early diagnosis and risk stratification according to subtype and associated prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T01:54:40Z","timestamp":1706838880000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cutaneous Manifestations of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7685-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang Li","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora","family":"Vatopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amana","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George's, University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena","family":"Kolovos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George's, University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth C.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Akhras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Jiyad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026012701320411200_ski2323-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/s0145-2126(98)00161-1","article-title":"Myelodysplastic syndrome and associated skin lesions: a review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Avivi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026012701320411200_ski2323-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.55","article-title":"Validation of WHO classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS) for myelodysplastic syndromes and comparison with the revised international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-R). A study of the international working group for prognosis in myelodysplasia (IWG-PM)","volume":"29","author":"Della Porta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026012701320411200_ski2323-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544","article-title":"The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Arber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026012701320411200_ski2323-bib-0004","volume-title":"Quality appraisal of case series studies checklist. 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