{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:12:05Z","timestamp":1791994325764,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":243,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merchant Charitable Foundation"},{"name":"MRFF Next Generation Clinical Researchers Program Practitioner Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011167","name":"The Australasian College of Dermatologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1106491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1106491"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Actinic keratoses (AK) are pre-malignant skin lesions caused by chronic sun exposure. Progression from an AK to intraepidermal carcinoma (IEC) and a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is well known but the rate of transformation to an invasive SCC is highly variable. Since no definitive biomarkers are available, treatment decisions are made ad hoc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To fully characterise our AK to SCC progression series, we performed microRNA (miRNA) microarray expression profiling of normal and photodamaged skin, as well as AKs, IEC, and invasive SCCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study recruited 27 patients who donated fresh biopsies of normal skin, photodamaged skin, AK, IEC, and SCC (n = 67 specimens). All miRbase (v.21) miRNAs were profiled to identify miRNAs related to SCC progression. miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR and in vitro phenotypic assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 234 robustly expressed miRNAs across the tissue collection, which resulted in 20 miRNA that were differentially expressed ((cor)p \u2264 0.05 and \u2265 10 fold) between normal skin and SCC. Hierarchical clustering all samples illustrated that AKs, IEC, and SCCs were largely indistinguishable, which confirms the premalignant status of an AK. A panel of miRNAs showed significant dysregulation between normal and photodamaged skin and AK. Importantly, we found miR-34a-5p and miR-31-5p had significant differential expression between AKs and IEC and IEC and SCC respectively. Phenotypic assays determined that the miR-31 duplex had opposing effects on SCC cell lines which suggests that dysregulation of this duplex may be related to the dynamic control of progression of transformed keratinocytes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirmed the continuum of AK with IEC and SCC highlighting that miRNA expression plays a role in keratinocyte transformation. Development of our putative miRNA biomarker candidates is warranted to aid in clinical management of patients experiencing high AK load to determine the most appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T16:58:21Z","timestamp":1710608301000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Precursor Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Akbor","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre , Brisbane, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa N.","family":"Tom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre , Brisbane, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1719-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ala","family":"Melati-Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre , Brisbane, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Melanoma Centre , South Brisbane, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miko","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Centre, York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Hammerlindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre , Brisbane, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of California , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8761-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kasturee","family":"Jagirdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre , Brisbane, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2892-6238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarl W.","family":"Prow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skin Research Centre, York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York , York ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4770-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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