{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:17:04Z","timestamp":1756383424625,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1088,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a non-infective granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology, with cutaneous involvement affecting up to 30% of patients. Drug-induced sarcoidosis has been reported secondary to modern melanoma therapies including immune-checkpoint inhibitors and first generation BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib. Herein, we report a case of cutaneous micropapular sarcoidosis that first developed on immune-checkpoint inhibition with ipilimumab and nivolumab for metastatic melanoma, which was exacerbated and further complicated by pityriasis rubra pilaris-like palmar plaques upon transition to a next-generation BRAF-dimerisation inhibitor. Both the micropapular eruption and palmar plaques rapidly resolved after cessation of the novel BRAF-inhibitor and concurrent commencement of hydroxychloroquine. It is unclear how inhibition of BRAF-dimerisation results in granuloma formation, though upregulation of TH1\/TH17 T-cells and impairment of T-reg cells may be responsible. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for exacerbation of sarcoidosis when transitioning from immune-checkpoint inhibitors to these novel BRAF-dimerisation inhibitors, particularly as their uptake in treating cancers increases beyond clinical trials. Further studies are required to assess whether these next-generation agents can trigger sarcoidosis de-novo, or simply exacerbate pre-existing sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.71","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T12:28:42Z","timestamp":1634819322000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cutaneous Sarcoidosis Due to Immune-Checkpoint Inhibition and Exacerbated by a Novel BRAF Dimerization Inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. P.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5746-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Star","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2857-1775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. L.","family":"Damian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute of Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Camperdown, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3354-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. P. M.","family":"Saw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melanoma Institute of Australia, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital , Camperdown, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4509-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. J.","family":"Whitfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Skin Hospital , Darlinghurst, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5183-7562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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