{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T21:29:58Z","timestamp":1780090198515,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1039,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare cutaneous neuroendocrine endocrine tumour is increasing in incidence, and continues to carry a poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to examine all Irish cases of MCC from 1 January 1994 over 2 decades, focusing on gender and organ transplantation recipients (OTRs). Cases were identified from the National Cancer Registry of Ireland. Covariates of interest included age, body site, period of diagnosis, deprivation-status and history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total 314 MCC cases were identified. A female predominance was noted (53.8%). Comparison between age-standardised rates between the earliest period (1994\u20131996) with the latest period (2012\u20132014) showed an increase of 105% in total. The trend in age-standardised incidence rates were noted to be increasing significantly (p = 0.0004). Average age at diagnosis was 77.6 years (male 75.1 years, female 79.7 years). Overall, the majority of MCC cases presented on the head and neck (n = 170, 54.1%). Differences in anatomical location of MCCs were noted between genders. Males were found to be more likely to have a history of previous NMSCs (males n = 73 [57.9%], females n = 53 [42.1%]). Thirty-one percentage of patients died from MCC, average survival was 3.5 years in those who died of this malignancy. Ten organ transplant recipients developed MCC. OTR who developed MCC were diagnosed at a younger average age of 65.1 years. Standardized incidence ratio for MCC in OTR was 59.96. A higher proportion of OTR died from MCC (70%), with a shorter median survival of 0.14 years. In competing risks regression, gender was not significantly associated with risk of dying, females having a non-significantly higher hazard of dying. Organ transplant recipients and patients from less deprived areas were at greater risk of dying from MCC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This population based study provides epidemiological, clinical and outcome data for MCC over a 20-year period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.80","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T14:14:30Z","timestamp":1638972870000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gender and Immunosuppression Impact on Merkel Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Prognosis. A Population Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Keeling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tallaght University Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"O'Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry , Cork ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Deady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry , Cork ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"O Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Nephrology Department, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Moloney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Melanoma Institute Australia , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/680410","article-title":"Which are the cells of origin in Merkel cell carcinoma?","volume":"2012","author":"Tilling","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Skin Cancer"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.028","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma: current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics","volume":"78","author":"Paulson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13698","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma incidence is increasing in Sweden","volume":"30","author":"Zaar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0004","first-page":"327","article-title":"A comparison of Merkel cell carcinoma and melanoma: results from the California cancer registry","volume":"2","author":"Grabowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Med Oncol"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152586","article-title":"Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"319","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.02.034","article-title":"Improved survival in women versus men with Merkel cell carcinoma","author":"Tam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.388","article-title":"Systemic immune suppression predicts diminished Merkel cell carcinoma-specific survival independent of stage","volume":"133","author":"Paulson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18094","article-title":"Declining incidence of keratinocyte carcinoma in organ transplant recipients","volume":"181","author":"Menzies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13669","article-title":"Post-transplant malignancy in solid organ transplant recipients in Ireland, The Irish Transplant Cancer Group","volume":"33","author":"O'Neill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb2019760","article-title":"The rapid rise in cutaneous melanoma diagnoses","volume":"384","author":"Welch","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10493.x","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma in Western Australia: a population-based study of incidence and survival","volume":"165","author":"Girschik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.124","article-title":"Incidence and survival for Merkel cell carcinoma in Queensland, Australia, 1993\u20132010","volume":"150","author":"Youlden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481508100819","article-title":"Dramatic increase in the incidence and mortality from Merkel cell carcinoma in the United States","volume":"81","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2025010818052904400_ski280-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2010.11.002","article-title":"Epidemiology and survival of Merkel cell carcinoma in the Netherlands. 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