{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T19:54:49Z","timestamp":1769111689091,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2682,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center"},{"name":"Houston VA Health Services Research & Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety","award":["CIN 13-413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIN 13-413"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>U.S. veterans of recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan may be at greater risk for sexual dysfunction due to injuries, mental health conditions, medications used to treat those conditions, and psychosocial factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To explore the perceptions of recent Veterans about sexual health and dysfunction, contributing factors, its impact and solutions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Qualitative study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eight men who screened positive for sexual dysfunction at initial presentation to a postdeployment clinic at a Veterans Affairs medical center<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Approach<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients who screened positive for sexual dysfunction and indicated an interest in participating were contacted and scheduled for an in-person private interview with a researcher. Interviews were semistructured, utilizing open-ended and follow-up probe questions to elicit the individual's perspective about sexual dysfunction and its cause, impact and solutions. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed for themes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These heterosexual men discussed a range of sexual dysfunction in their activities including lack of desire, erectile dysfunction, delayed orgasm, premature ejaculation, and distraction. They also discussed the importance of setting or context and changes over time to their sexual health and function. The men shared their ideas about contributory factors, including normal aging, medication side effects, injury and a possible role for combat deployment more generally. Reported solutions for sexual dysfunction included medications, herbal remedies, and new positions and approaches to sexual activity. Participants reported discussing sexual dysfunction with their health-care providers and what was helpful. Finally, the men expressed in their own words the significant impact of sexual dysfunction on their self-perception, their partners, and their relationships.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual dysfunction in recent combat veterans can have important negative effects on their health and relationships. Our findings elucidate perceived contributory factors and preferred solutions, which can be applied by health-care providers to improve the management of sexual dysfunction in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.62","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]],"date-time":"2015-05-08T08:49:23Z","timestamp":1431074963000},"page":"137-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Perspectives on Sexual Health and Function of Recent Male Combat Veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Drew A.","family":"Helmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"War Related Illness and Injury Study Center , East Orange, NJ, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"VA New Jersey Health Care System , East Orange, NJ, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Beaulieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Care Line , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Houston, TX , USA"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Medicine Program , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Houlette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OEF\/OIF\/OND Program , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Latini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Care Line , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Scott Department of Urology , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kauth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Care Line , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Houston, TX , USA"},{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX , USA"},{"name":"Mental Illness Research , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Education & Clinical Center, VA South Central , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"},{"name":"Effectiveness, and Safety, Houston VA HSR&D , Houston, TX, \u00a0 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900269","article-title":"On life satisfaction in male erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Fugl-Meyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00050.x","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in men with erectile dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Litwin","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.06.014","article-title":"The changing nature of women's sexual health concerns through the midlife years","volume":"49","author":"Nusbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901250","article-title":"Sexual problems among women and men aged 40\u201380 y: Prevalence and correlates identified in the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors","volume":"17","author":"Laumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670903107575","article-title":"Sexual side-effects of contemporary antidepressants: Review","volume":"43","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02702.x","article-title":"What we don't talk about when we don't talk about sex: Results of a national survey of U.S. obstetrician\/gynecologists","volume":"9","author":"Sobecki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2005.00382.x","article-title":"Help-seeking behaviour for sexual problems: The global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors","volume":"59","author":"Moreira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1071\/SH07055","article-title":"Sexual difficulties and help-seeking among mature adults in Australia: Results from the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviours","volume":"5","author":"Moreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07453.x","article-title":"Sexual problems and help-seeking behaviour in adults in the United Kingdom and continental Europe","volume":"101","author":"Moreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0055","first-page":"2953","article-title":"Sexual disorders and associated help-seeking behaviors in Canada","volume":"13","author":"Brock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.23.2173","article-title":"Survey says patients expect little physician help on sex","volume":"281","author":"Marwick","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30929-2","article-title":"A survey of physicians' knowledge and application of AIDS prevention capabilities","volume":"7","author":"McCance","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0070","first-page":"1705","article-title":"The proactive sexual health history","volume":"66","author":"Nusbaum","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-03-3508","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in male Operation Enduring Freedom\/Operation Iraqi Freedom patients with severe posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"174","author":"Hirsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2011.639441","article-title":"The impact of sexual functioning problems on emotional wellbeing in U.S. Veterans from the Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF\/OIF) conflicts","volume":"24","author":"Nunnink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Sex Health"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.150284","article-title":"Trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs health care, 2002\u20132008","volume":"99","author":"Seal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838008324419","article-title":"Military sexual trauma: A review of prevalence and associated health consequences in Veterans","volume":"9","author":"Suris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01255.x","article-title":"The impact of mental illness and psychotropic medications on sexual functioning: The evidence and management","volume":"6","author":"Clayton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.07m03863","article-title":"Family problems among recently returned military veterans referred for a mental health evaluation","volume":"70","author":"Sayers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12201","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in male Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans: Association with posttraumatic stress disorder and other combat-related mental health disorders: A population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Breyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025513","article-title":"Sexuality among wounded veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), and Operation New Dawn (OND): Implications for rehabilitation psychologists","volume":"56","author":"Cameron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02978.x","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction among male veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan: Prevalence and correlates","volume":"10","author":"Hosain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12084","article-title":"Assessment and documentation of sexual health issues of recent combat veterans seeking VHA care","volume":"10","author":"Helmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278623","article-title":"The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX): Reliability and validity","volume":"26","author":"McGahuey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1185\/135525703125002360","article-title":"The primary care PTSD screen (PC\u2013PTSD): Development and operating characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Prins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prim Care Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): An effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test","volume":"158","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C","article-title":"The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a two-item depression screener","volume":"41","author":"Kroenke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002729318254","article-title":"Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions: Results from a decade of research","volume":"30","author":"Simons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12374","article-title":"A systematic review of the psychosocial outcomes associated with erectile dysfunction: Does the impact of erectile dysfunction extend beyond a man's inability to have sex?","volume":"11","author":"McCabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2001.00832.x","article-title":"Sexuality after treatment for early prostate cancer: Exploring the meanings of \u201cerectile dysfunction\u201d","volume":"16","author":"Bokhour","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-013-0538-1","article-title":"Symptom management strategies for men with early-stage prostate cancer: Results from the Prostate Cancer Patient Education Program (PC PEP)","volume":"28","author":"Vij","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-09-00085","article-title":"The role of emotional numbing in sexual functioning among veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars","volume":"175","author":"Nunnink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1165","article-title":"Sexual function outcomes in women treated for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"18","author":"Schnurr","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01899-X","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"60","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2010.494332","article-title":"Managing sexual difficulties: A qualitative investigation of coping strategies","volume":"48","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"2023010704083567500_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12049","article-title":"Communication and intimacy-enhancing interventions for men diagnosed with prostate cancer and their partners","volume":"10","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.24","article-title":"Examining sexual dysfunction in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Results of cross-sectional mixed-methods research","volume":"2","author":"Kowalkowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02823.x","article-title":"Standard operating procedures for taking a sexual history","volume":"10","author":"Althof","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"2023010704083567500_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549131282S111","article-title":"Sexual health training and education in the U.S","volume":"128","author":"Ford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-0930-z","article-title":"Patient-provider communication about sexual health among unmarried middle-aged and older women","volume":"24","author":"Politi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0215","first-page":"252","article-title":"Mid-to-late-life women and sexual health: Communication with health care providers","volume":"45","author":"Hughes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035840","article-title":"Communication between VA providers and sexual and gender minority Veterans: A pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Sherman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.092999","article-title":"The Veterans Health Administration and military sexual trauma","volume":"97","author":"Kimerling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2012.00865.x","article-title":"Talking about sex as part of our role: Symptom management strategies for men with early-stage prostate cancer: Results from the Prostate Cancer Patient Education Program (PC PEP). Making and sustaining practice change","volume":"22","author":"Quinn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.9.1504","article-title":"SSRI-associated sexual dysfunction","volume":"163","author":"Balon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-006-0047-6","article-title":"Strategies for managing antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction: A review","volume":"8","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2023010704083567500_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034826","article-title":"An empirical investigation of challenges and recommendations for welcoming sexual and gender minority veterans into VA care","volume":"45","author":"Sherman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prof Psychol Res Pr"}],"container-title":["Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S205011611530060X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S205011611530060X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article-pdf\/3\/3\/137\/48429932\/smoa_3_3_137.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article-pdf\/3\/3\/137\/48429932\/smoa_3_3_137.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T04:19:10Z","timestamp":1673065150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smoa\/article\/3\/3\/137\/6956215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sm2.62","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-1161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-1161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}