{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:45:59Z","timestamp":1791333959727,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stress and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Researchers have intimated that cognitions and emotions can change in the lead up to important events. However, previous research has adopted atemporal cross\u2010sectional designs, making it challenging to understand how cognitions and emotions unfold in the lead up to a competition. In the current study, we extended previous research by examining the temporal patterns of cognitive appraisals, irrational beliefs, and challenge and threat evaluations in predicting pre\u2010competitive affective states (hedonic balance and anxiety) in the lead up to an actual competition, among competitive elite Indian golfers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0107). We adopted a within\u2010subjects repeated\u2010measures design and collected data in the lead up to an actual golf tournament, at three timepoints; 1\u00a0week before (T1), the night before (T2), and an hour prior (T3). Self\u2010reported measures of cognitive appraisals, irrational beliefs, challenge and threat evaluations, affect, and anxiety were completed. Also, objective golf performance was collected from participants. Crossed\u2010lagged path analysis did not find a causal effect for irrational beliefs on any of the variables across the three time points. On the other hand, hierarchical multiple regression analysis determined that changes in irrational beliefs predicted changes in cognitive appraisals, threat evaluation, cognitive and somatic anxiety, and the directional interpretation of anxiety. The findings of temporal patterns in the current research indicated that sport psychologists should consider the dynamic nature of antecedent cognitions and affective states in the lead up to competition, and accordingly provide adequate support to the athletes. Further, limitations and future research is discussed with reference to the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T16:35:13Z","timestamp":1699115713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Examination of cognitive appraisals, irrational beliefs, and challenge and threat evaluations in the prediction of tournament affective states and performance of competitive elite Indian golfers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5853-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanaki J.","family":"Chadha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences and Education Staffordshire University  Stoke\u2010on\u2010Trent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1975-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Manchester Metropolitan University  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences and Education Staffordshire University  Stoke\u2010on\u2010Trent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428114547952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2017.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0033\u20102909.107.2.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024911014579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Feeling and thinking: The role of affect in social cognition","author":"Blascovich J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"136","volume-title":"Testing structural equation models","author":"Browne M. 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