{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:03:49Z","timestamp":1789632229862,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stress and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID\u201019 pandemic significantly impacted the psychological well\u2010being of the general population. However, there are limited studies that examine its mental health effects on patients who have experienced traumatic injuries and tracked their recovery over time. This study aimed to: (1) compare the rates and severity of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression between patients who sustained traumatic injuries before the COVID\u201019 pandemic (pre\u2010pandemic) and those injured during the pandemic (peri\u2010pandemic); and (2) assess whether the degree of pandemic\u2010related stress (e.g., worry about infection, social isolation, loss of home\/job) predicted the severity of PTSD or depression symptoms. Participants (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0198) were recruited from a Level 1 Trauma Centre in Southeastern Wisconsin following admission for a single\u2010incident traumatic injury. Symptoms of PTSD and depression were assessed during hospitalisation and at three additional points within the subsequent 6\u00a0months. Self\u2010report measures were used to evaluate PTSD and depression severity among patients injured before (pre\u2010pandemic;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0126) and during (peri\u2010pandemic;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a073) the pandemic. Peri\u2010pandemic participants also completed a modified version of the COVID\u201019 Family Stress Screener to measure pandemic\u2010related stress. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the dimensions of pandemic\u2010related stress in our sample. The findings indicated that participants injured during the pandemic exhibited higher symptoms of PTSD and depression compared to those injured before the pandemic. Additionally, greater pandemic\u2010related stress correlated with elevated levels of depression and PTSD at baseline. Our results highlight that the broader context in which patients recover from injuries can intensify the negative mental health consequences of traumatic injury. This underscores the need for enhanced access to psychological services for trauma patients, particularly during major societal stressors like a global pandemic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T05:25:37Z","timestamp":1733203537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pandemic\u2010Related Stress Increases PTSD and Depression Risk in Traumatic Injury Patients: A Comparative Study of Pre\u2010 and Peri\u2010Pandemic Trauma Cases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1996-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Zapata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carissa W.","family":"Tomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences Institute for Health and Equity Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney","family":"Timmer\u2010Murillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Psychiatry Institute for Health and Society Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri A.","family":"deRoon Cassini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Psychiatry Institute for Health and Society Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Marquette University  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4232-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber","family":"Brandolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Psychiatry Institute for Health and Society Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Geier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Psychiatry Institute for Health and Society Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hason","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosciences Kansas City University  Kansas City Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-026X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery, Psychiatry Institute for Health and Society Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Package \u2018lme4\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Bates D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Convergence"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113481998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2023.1658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206312455245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.101981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).2020. \u201cWeb\u2010based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System.\u201d Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540260903343877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010048391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ta.0000000000002370"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003134820939904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Huth\u2010Bocks A.2020. \u201cCOVID\u201019 Family Stress Screener.\u201d Unpublished 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