{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:08:23Z","timestamp":1791922103054,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stress and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this study we employed a repeated cross\u2010sectional design to examine mental health among young adults in Israel using samples collected before and after the October 7\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    attacks and subsequent war, with a focus on resilience resources, coping strategies, and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Additionally, we explored risk and protective factors associated with PTSD symptoms separately for each sample. Data were gathered from two online surveys conducted pre\u2010 and post\u2010October 7th, encompassing 2131 young adults aged 18\u201324. Findings revealed a significantly higher rate of PTSD in the post\u2010October 7\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    sample (43.3%) compared to the pre\u2010October 7\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    sample (25.2%). In addition, the post\u2010October 7\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    sample reported lower levels of resilience resources and social support, along with a greater reliance on emotional coping strategies. PTSD symptom severity was also significantly higher in the post\u2010October 7\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    sample. Perceived threat emerged as a key risk factor, whereas social support and personal resilience acted as protective factors. Emotional coping strategies such as self\u2010blame and avoidance were found to exacerbate PTSD symptoms. Post\u2010attack predictors of PTSD symptoms included direct exposure to the injury or death of loved ones and internal displacement. These findings underscore the vital role of personal resilience and social support in mitigating the mental health effects of severe trauma. Furthermore, the study highlights the nuanced relationship between coping strategies and mental health, emphasising that commonly employed strategies may not always protect against severe stress. Identifying effective resources for recovery in the context of prolonged and intense threat is essential for informing intervention efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T11:18:39Z","timestamp":1746875919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Interplay of Personal and Collective Resilience and Mental Health During Prolonged Conflict: Insights From Young Adults in Israel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6258-4935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stav","family":"Shapira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4319-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agat","family":"Sold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6605-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tehila","family":"Refaeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Charlotte Jack Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev  Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20109566.13277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.55.5.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens through the Twenties","author":"Arnett J. J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696815613000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(14)00080\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Social Media Use in 2021","author":"Auxier B.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015613774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X14001531"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"The Effects of the Iron Swords War on Young People in Israel","author":"Ben Simon B.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2014.966143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963\u20107214.2005.00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1942\u20109681.s.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19361521.2012.719596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2008.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2013.873946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597\u2010013\u20109623\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016\u20109040\/a000158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(19)30934\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17207523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221080144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696817738500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431614561263"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2338670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","volume-title":"Adolescent Coping Scale","author":"Frydenberg E.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139583824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","volume-title":"Health Risks Assessment for the Israeli Population Following the Sanitary Crisis in Gaza","author":"Hermesh B.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.44.3.513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1464\u20100597.00062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010orgpsych\u2010032117\u2010104640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520\u20106629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","article-title":"Use of Social Networks and Online Services in Israel: 2024 Data With Demographic Segmentations","author":"Israel Internet Association","journal-title":"Israel Internet Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2024.2381371"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000094"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Treatment Seeking for Posttraumatic Stress in Israel Defense Forces Veterans Deployed in the 2006 Israel\u2010Hezbollah War: A 7\u2010Year Post\u2010War Follow\u2010Up","volume":"55","author":"Levi O.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464\u2010013\u20109596\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464\u2010013\u20109596\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2015.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.2251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health (MOH).2023. \u201cMental Health Program: Addressing Challenges and Creating Long\u2010Term Solutions in the Shadow of War.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.gov.il\/he\/pages\/09102023\u201001."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sjop.12103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464\u2010007\u20109156\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2015.1046178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aphw.12493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","volume-title":"Self\u2010report Questionnaires Compendium","author":"Palgi S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920\u2010019\u20101050\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13126942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975909348125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2024.101393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2022.103006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2020.101520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","volume-title":"Living in the Shadow of the Missiles","author":"Solomon Z.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/str0000084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","volume-title":"Iron Swords: Daily Updates","author":"The Israel Institute for National Security Studies (INSS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Welfare After the War","author":"Tishby A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Helping Children Cope with Trauma","author":"Vogel J. M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","volume-title":"The PTSD Checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105)","author":"Weathers F. W.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2013.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","unstructured":"Winreb A.2024. \u201cAge reversal of October 7 Massacre. Taub Center for Social Policy Studies in Israel.\u201d [Hebrew].https:\/\/www.taubcenter.org.il\/age\u2010reversal\u2010of\u2010october\u20107\u2010massacre\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2025.104425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa5201_2"}],"container-title":["Stress and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smi.70047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T09:21:54Z","timestamp":1750929714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smi.70047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smi.70047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.70047","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-3005","1532-2998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-3005","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-2998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70047"}}