{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:45:10Z","timestamp":1789055110492,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stress and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>We investigated how psychological and walking behaviours would respond to environmental stressor between older adults with different psychomotor tendencies. We recruited 102 community\u2010dwelling older adults and split them into those with higher conscious movement processing tendencies (HCMP) and lower conscious movement processing tendencies (LCMP). Participants walked straight for 7.4\u00a0m in a normal environment (level\u2010ground surface) and in a challenging environment (elevated, foam surface). Real\u2010time conscious movement processing (indicated by T3\u2010Fz electroencephalography coherence), walking stability (indicated by the variabilities in gait parameters and medial\u2010lateral excursion of upper body sway), and neuromuscular efficiency (indicated by co\u2010contraction index of lower limb muscles) were assessed. When older individuals were walking under a challenging environment, LCMP significantly increased their real\u2010time conscious movement processing, while HCMP maintained at a consistent level compared to walking on a normal environment. Both groups significantly reduced walking stability and efficiency to the same extent under the challenging environment. LCMP appear to be susceptible to exhibiting environmentally induced conscious movement processing accompanied by less stable and efficient walking behaviour; indicating the need to investigate this cohort who are often assumed to have lower fall risk. HCMP responses seem independent of environmental stressor as a further increase in conscious involvement might be limited by overloaded working memory, leaving less capacity for adapting to additional stressors. Future research should target older adults at a higher risk of falling, as the negative impact of elevated conscious movement processing could be more pronounced in the absence of compensatory adaptations from higher physical function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trial was pre\u2010registered in the <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> (ID: NCT05411536) prior to data collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T15:30:04Z","timestamp":1750087804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stress\u2010Induced Responses in Conscious Movement Processing and Walking Behaviour in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0490-4950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toby C. T.","family":"Mak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamay S. M.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melody C. Y.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6267-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomson W. L.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health and Social Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 1: Body and Mind","author":"Adolph K. 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