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In addition, U.S. veterans may have faced an increased risk for experiencing more pronounced stress across multiple life domains during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Limited research attention has been given to understanding how MI symptoms experienced by post\u20109\/11 veterans prior to the COVID\u201019 pandemic (COVID) were related to their experiences of COVID\u2010related stress. This study examined the impact of pre\u2010COVID MI symptoms on veterans' COVID\u2010related stress in various life domains. Participants included 3180 U.S. veterans who were involved in The Veterans Metric Initiative (TVMI) and the Veterans Engaging in Transition Studies (VETS). TVMI was a longitudinal study that occurred from 2016 to 2019. VETS, which began in 2020, was a continuation of TVMI and included a portion of the TVMI sample. Data from assessments of mental health variables from TVMI Wave 6 (spring 2019), COVID\u2010related work, financial, social, and health stress from VETS Wave 7 (fall 2020), and relevant covariates from TVMI Wave 1 (fall 2016) were included in structural equation modelling analyses. Results demonstrated that MI predicted COVID\u2010related work and financial stress, PTSD did not predict any of the four COVID\u2010related stress domains, and depression and anxiety predicted all four COVID\u2010related stress factors. The study's findings highlight the nuanced ways in which veterans' psychological experiences can impact their feelings of stress during a global pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T05:48:08Z","timestamp":1762840088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Moral Injury and COVID\u2010Related Stress Among Post\u20109\/11 Veterans: Examining Longitudinal Associations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1930-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan P.","family":"Chesnut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4998-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron B.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4113-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith R.","family":"Aronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Social Science Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Biobehavioral Health The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clearinghouse for Military Family Readiness The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Social Science Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics The Pennsylvania State University Sociology and Education  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21511\/gg.03(1).2020.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/teo0000161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21635781.2020.1753604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e23060673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.19020036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010020\u201000982\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406\u2010021\u201001268\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11142049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jedc.2022.104581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jmvfh.4160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000698"},{"volume-title":"Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research","year":"2006","author":"Brown T. 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