{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:50:50Z","timestamp":1777287050336,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stress and Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID\u201019 pandemic and the Russia\u2010Ukraine war are seen as global crises, possibly affecting mental health worldwide. Longitudinal research seeking to understand these effects is still scarce. The current study aimed to examine mental health trajectories and links between stress, anxiety, depression, and positive mental health (PMH) over time from pre\u2010pandemics to the ongoing war in Ukraine. The four\u2010measurement points study was conducted on a sample of young adults from Lithuania and Germany (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0432; 76.4% female;\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    (SD\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u00a0=\u00a022.98 (6.35) at T1). The latent change analysis was used to reveal the change trajectories, the latent class change analyses to indicate the patterns of change, and the cross\u2010lagged panel analysis was used to examine how mental health indicators predict one another over time. On average, no changes were observed in mental health indicators over the study period. Nevertheless, latent class analysis revealed two distinct trajectories: 76.4% of participants belonged to the low\u2010symptom group, where depression (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.61), anxiety (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.19), and stress (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.26) decreased over time, while 23.6% belonged to the high\u2010symptom group, where depression (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a02.32), anxiety (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.79), and stress increased (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a01.09) substantially, and positive mental health (PMH) decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.82). Moreover, better PMH before the pandemic and during the 2nd COVID\u201019 outbreak predicted lower stress a year after; higher anxiety before the pandemic and during the release of COVID\u201019 restrictions predicted higher stress a year after. Crisis interventions should target anxiety and positive mental health to help young adults cope with stress in times of change, threat, and unpredictability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:20:23Z","timestamp":1773728423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Positive Mental Health During Times of COVID\u201019 and War in Ukraine: A Four\u2010Wave Longitudinal Study in Lithuania and Germany"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6699-6638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Truskauskaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology Vilnius University  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2339-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kvedaraite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology Vilnius University  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Brailovskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Mental Health Research and Treatment Center Ruhr\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Bochum\u2010Marburg  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6654-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evaldas","family":"Kazlauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology Vilnius University  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5207-7016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Margraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Mental Health Research and Treatment Center Ruhr\u2010Universit\u00e4t Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Bochum\u2010Marburg  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366(23)00113\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723002295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2025.2460996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0264180100000813"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010018\u20101647\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010021\u201001079\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2022.152298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2015.1117449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1186442"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00108367221116532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010019\u201001732\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20109004.2007.00054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Structural Equation Modeling","author":"Kaplan D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01677"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3Rd Ed.)","author":"Kline R. 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