{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:51:03Z","timestamp":1789671063822,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]],"date-time":"2010-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The \u2018Nanopatch\u2019 (NP) comprises arrays of densely packed projections with a defined geometry and distribution designed to physically target vaccines directly to thousands of epidermal and dermal antigen presenting cells (APCs). These miniaturized arrays are two orders of magnitude smaller than standard needles\u2014which deliver most vaccines\u2014and are also much smaller than current microneedle arrays. The NP is dry\u2010coated with antigen, adjuvant, and\/or DNA payloads. After the NP was pressed onto mouse skin, a protein payload co\u2010localized with 91.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1 APC mm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> (or 2925 in total) representing 52% of the delivery sites within the NP contact area, agreeing well with a probability\u2010based model used to guide the device design; it then substantially increases as the antigen diffuses in the skin to many more cells. APC co\u2010localizing with protein payloads rapidly disappears from the application area, suggesting APC migration. The NP also delivers DNA payloads leading to cutaneous expression of encoded proteins within 24\u2009h. The efficiency of NP immunization is demonstrated using an inactivated whole chikungunya virus vaccine and a DNA\u2010delivered attenuated West Nile virus vaccine. The NP thus offers a needle\u2010free, versatile, highly effective vaccine delivery system that is potentially inexpensive and simple to use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201000331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]],"date-time":"2010-07-27T12:35:37Z","timestamp":1280234137000},"page":"1776-1784","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Nanopatch\u2010Targeted Skin Vaccination against West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tarl W.","family":"Prow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie A.","family":"Prow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germain J. P.","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy S. E.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Raphael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merja P.","family":"Ruutu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek W. K.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Pyke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Crichton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Raphaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Y. H.","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Frazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Khromykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Suhrbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A. F.","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1310"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/649228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01849\u201009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2.2.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1995.14.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31816778f9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710355105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095\u2010010\u20100134\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.04.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(95)02026-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010266"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2009.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61752-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2008.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82858-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.01.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(00)00069-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1400"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834270100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02603\u201009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-6-1287"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsmll.201000331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.201000331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T11:40:37Z","timestamp":1696678837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.201000331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.201000331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201000331","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,27]]}}}