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To prove the concept, the exocytosis of FND particles (size \u2248100 nm) from three cell lines\u2014HeLa cervical cancer cells, 3T3\u2010L1 pre\u2010adipocytes, and 489\u20102.1 multipotent stromal cells\u2014is studied in detail. FND labeling is performed by incubating the cells in a serum\u2010free medium containing 80 \u03bcg mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> FND for 4 h. No significant alteration in growth or proliferation of the FND\u2010labeled cells, including the multipotent stromal cells, is observed for up to 8 days. Flow cytometric analysis, in combination with parallel cell doubling\u2010time measurements, indicates that there is little (\u224815% or less) excretion of the endocytosed FND particles after 6 days of labeling for both HeLa and 489\u20102.1 cells, but exocytosis occurs more readily (up to 30%) for 3T3\u2010L1 preadipocytes. A comparative experiment with FND and the widely used dye, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, demonstrates that the nanoparticle platform is a promising alternate probe for long\u2010term cell labeling and tracking applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201101233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]],"date-time":"2011-10-14T11:35:31Z","timestamp":1318592131000},"page":"3363-3370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["The Exocytosis of Fluorescent Nanodiamond and Its Use as a Long\u2010Term Cell Tracker"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Chia\u2010Yi","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Vaijayanthimala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010An","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Hua","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Fang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Leung","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan\u2010Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17435889.3.4.567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-7-67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl071547f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200700595"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200906623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0567081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2007.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17435889.4.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b908532g"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/43\/37\/374021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3719\/7\/20\/019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200900725"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605409104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200800655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/42\/425103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl1021909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.3.759","volume":"77","author":"Murkherjee S.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Physiol. 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