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Higher affinity of the aptamer probes to PA in the aptamer\u2010immobilized FET enables significant improvements in the limit of detection (LOD), dynamic range, and sensitivity compared to the antibody\u2010immobilized FET. Transduction signal enhancement in the aptamer FET due to an increase in captured PA molecules results in a larger 30 mV\/decade shift in the charge neutrality point (V<jats:sub>g,min<\/jats:sub>) as a sensitivity parameter, with the dynamic range of the PA concentration between 12 aM (LOD) and 120 fM. An additional signal enhancement is obtained by the secondary aptamer\u2010conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs\u2010aptamer), which have a sandwich structure of aptamer\/PA\/aptamer\u2010AuNPs, induce an increase in charge\u2010doping in the graphene channel, resulting in a reduction of the LOD to 1.2 aM with a three\u2010fold increase in the V<jats:sub>g,min<\/jats:sub> shift.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201203245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,16]],"date-time":"2013-04-16T07:38:58Z","timestamp":1366097938000},"page":"3352-3360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Electrical Graphene Aptasensor for Ultra\u2010Sensitive Detection of Anthrax Toxin with Amplified Signal 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