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In this study, amino\u2010polyvinyl alcohol coated (A\u2010PVA) SPIONs are introduced for cell\u2010labeling and visualization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human MSCs. Size and surface charge of A\u2010PVA\u2010SPIONs differ depending on their solvent. Under MSC\u2010labeling conditions, A\u2010PVA\u2010SPIONs have a hydrodynamic diameter of 42 \u00b1 2 nm and a negative Zeta potential of 25 \u00b1 5 mV, which enable efficient internalization by MSCs without the need to use transfection agents. Transmission X\u2010ray microscopy localizes A\u2010PVA\u2010SPIONs in intracellular vesicles and as cytosolic single particles. After identifying non\u2010interfering cell\u2010assays and determining the delivered and cellular dose, in addition to the administered dose, A\u2010PVA\u2010SPIONs are found to be non\u2010toxic to MSCs and non\u2010destructive towards their multi\u2010lineage differentiation potential. Surprisingly, MSC migration is increased. In MRI, A\u2010PVA\u2010SPION\u2010labeled MSCs are successfully visualized in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, A\u2010PVA\u2010SPIONs have no unfavorable influences on MSCs, although it becomes evident how sensitive their functional behavior is towards SPION\u2010labeling. And A\u2010PVA\u2010SPIONs allow MSC\u2010monitoring in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201400707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]],"date-time":"2014-07-02T16:57:09Z","timestamp":1404320229000},"page":"4340-4351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Amino\u2010polyvinyl Alcohol Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles are Suitable for Monitoring of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Schulze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  13353 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Dienelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  13353 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  13353 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Zaslansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  13353 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janosch","family":"Schoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  13353 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Henzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Materialien und Energie GmbH  14109 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Guttmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Soft Matter and Functional Materials Helmholtz\u2010Zentrum f\u00fcr Materialien und Energie GmbH  14109 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azza","family":"Gramoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  1205 Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsey A.","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  1205 Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Maurizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Powder Technology Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  1015 Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Paul","family":"Vall\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva  1205 Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Powder Technology Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  1015 Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg N.","family":"Duda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  13353 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Wolff Institute Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  13353 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2010.01151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052650"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.22701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2514"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"293","volume":"123","author":"Stamm C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. 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