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However, conventional mechanisms used for driving fluid transport in microfluidics, such as micropumping and high pressure, can be inaccurate and difficult for implementation for integrated microfluidics containing control components and closed compartments. Here, a technology has been developed termed Vacuum\u2013Pressure Accelerated Movement (V\u2010PAM) capable of significantly enhancing biofluid transport in complex microfluidic environments containing dead\u2010end channels and closed chambers. Operation of the V\u2010PAM entails a pressurized fluid loading into microfluidic channels where gas confined inside can rapidly be dissipated through permeation through a thin, gas\u2010permeable membrane sandwiched between microfluidic channels and a network of vacuum channels. Effects of different structural and operational parameters of the V\u2010PAM for promoting fluid filling in microfluidic environments have been studied systematically. This work further demonstrates the applicability of V\u2010PAM for rapid filling of temperature\u2010sensitive hydrogels and unprocessed whole blood into complex irregular microfluidic networks such as microfluidic leaf venation patterns and blood circulatory systems. Together, the V\u2010PAM technology provides a promising generic microfluidic tool for advanced fluid control and transport in integrated microfluidics for different microfluidic diagnosis, organs\u2010on\u2010chips, and biomimetic studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201601231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]],"date-time":"2016-07-13T16:52:45Z","timestamp":1468428765000},"page":"4521-4530","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Accelerated Biofluid Filling in Complex Microfluidic Networks by Vacuum\u2010Pressure Accelerated Movement (V\u2010PAM)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zeta Tak For","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei Ki","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley Xiaosu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"},{"name":"Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care University of Michigan  Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3LC51153G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201302907"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"620247","volume":"2011","author":"Brindley D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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