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Here, a novel injectable pathogen\u2010mimicking hydrogel (iPMH) that can enhance both cellular and humoral immune responses is suggested. By the help of poly(\u03b3\u2010glutamic acid) that has abundant carboxylate groups and dispersion helper function, hydrophobic immunostimulatory 3\u2010O\u2010desacyl\u20104\u2032\u2010monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) molecules and viral antigens (PR8, W150) can be successfully combined as pathogen\u2010mimicking adjuvants. Polyelectrolyte complex between the poly(\u03b3\u2010glutamic acid)\u2010based adjuvants and collagens generate in situ gel\u2010forming hydrogel at physiological temperature. When the iPMH are immunized, they act as a pathogen\u2010mimicking (MPLA, H1N1, H5N1) immune priming center and a depot for continuous stimulation of immune system, resulting in the induction of high levels (8.5 times higher) of antigen\u2010specific IgG titers in the sera of mice and the increased number of IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing cells (7.3 times higher) compared with those in the groups immunized with antigen plus clinically used aluminum gels. Following the intranasal infection of the mouse adapted virus (emerging infectious 2009 H1N1 and highly pathogenic 2006 H5N1) at 50 times the 50% lethal dose, the mice immunized with viral antigens plus iPMH exhibit 100% protective immunity against lethal virus challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201602344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T05:57:59Z","timestamp":1474955879000},"page":"6279-6288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Injectable and Pathogen\u2010Mimicking Hydrogels for Enhanced Protective Immunity against Emerging and Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hyun Jong","family":"Noh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University  Suwon 16419 South 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