{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T19:52:03Z","timestamp":1793735523644,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21574058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21574058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carbon dots (CDs) are carbon\u2010based fluorescent nanoparticles that can exhibit excitation\u2010dependent photoluminescence (PL) \u201ctunable\u201d throughout the entire visible range, interesting for optoelectronic and imaging applications. The mechanism underlying this tunable emission remains largely debated, most prominently being ascribed to dot\u2010to\u2010dot variations that ultimately lead to excitation\u2010dependent ensemble properties. Here, single\u2010dot spectroscopy is used to elucidate the origin of the excitation\u2010dependent PL of CDs. It is demonstrated that already single CDs exhibit excitation\u2010dependent PL spectra, similar to those of the CD ensemble. The single dots, produced by a facile one\u2010step synthesis from chloroform and diethylamine, exhibit emission spectra with several characteristic peaks differing in emission peak position and spectral width and shape, indicating the presence of distinct emission sites on the CDs. Based on previous work, these emission sites are related to the sp<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> subregions in the carbon core, as well as the functional groups on the surface. These results confirm that it is possible to integrate and engineer different types of electronic transitions at the nanoscale on a single CD, making these CDs even more versatile than organic dyes or inorganic quantum dots and opening up new routes toward light\u2010emission engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201702098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T11:44:46Z","timestamp":1510227886000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Excitation\u2010Dependent Photoluminescence from Single\u2010Carbon Dots"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bart","family":"van Dam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics University of Amsterdam  Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University  2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China"},{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente  P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University  2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics University of Amsterdam  Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos M. J.","family":"Paulusse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente  P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Schall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics University of Amsterdam  Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University  2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Dohnalov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physics University of Amsterdam  Science Park 904 1098XH Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500304f"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja040082h"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc33796g"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9085969"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp905912n"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b812420e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201101706"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200701271"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200906154"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm5003669"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503821"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn500368m"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04976"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201405070"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b03609"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.6b01590"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR02669A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b05406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201501193"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201411004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b02215"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR00605A"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm34690g"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl403820m"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl502372x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0731163"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12604"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR01178G"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200901996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC01191K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b03915"}],"container-title":["Small"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsmll.201702098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/smll.201702098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T02:30:19Z","timestamp":1696041019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/smll.201702098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"48","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/smll.201702098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201702098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-6810","1613-6829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-6810","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-6829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"article-number":"1702098"}}