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Over decades, a variety of antibacterial polymeric nanosystems have exhibited great promise for the eradication of multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria and persistent biofilms by enhancing bacterial recognition and binding capabilities. In this Review, the \u201cstate\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art\u201d biodegradable antibacterial polymeric nanosystems, which could respond to bacteria environments (e.g., acidity or bacterial enzymes) for controlled antibiotic release or multimodal antibacterial treatment, are summarized. The current antibacterial polymeric nanosystems can be categorized into antibiotic\u2010containing and intrinsic antibacterial nanosystems. The antibiotic\u2010containing polymeric nanosystems include antibiotic\u2010encapsulated nanocarriers (e.g., polymeric micelles, vesicles, nanogels) and antibiotic\u2010conjugated polymer nanosystems for the delivery of antibiotic drugs. On the other hand, the intrinsic antibacterial polymer nanosystems containing bactericidal moieties such as quaternary ammonium groups, phosphonium groups, polycations, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their synthetic mimics, are also described. The biodegradability of the nanosystems can be rendered by the incorporation of labile chemical linkages, such as carbonate, ester, amide, and phosphoester bonds. The design and synthesis of the degradable polymeric building blocks and their fabrications into nanosystems are also explicated, together with their plausible action mechanisms and potential biomedical applications. The perspectives of the current research in this field are also described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T09:49:47Z","timestamp":1554716987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Biodegradable Antibacterial Polymeric Nanosystems: A New Hope to Cope with Multidrug\u2010Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology Ministry of Education  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology Ministry of Education  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology Ministry of Education  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6705-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology Ministry of Education  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0904124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61114-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61262-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1214179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00473-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70799-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag0822"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199102283240906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(89)90122-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/491711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2016.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","author":"Jin X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. 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