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The deficiency of SuO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> would cause severe neurological damage and infant diseases, which makes SuO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> of tremendous biomedical importance. Herein, a SuO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> mimic nanozyme of PEGylated (polyethylene glycol)\u2010MoO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:italic><jats:sub>\u2212x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> nanoparticles (P\u2010MoO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:italic><jats:sub>\u2212x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> NPs) with abundant oxygen vacancies created by vacancy\u2010engineering is reported. Their level of SuO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u2010like activity is 12 times higher than that of bulk\u2010MoO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. It is also established that the superior increased enzyme mimetic activity is due to the introduction of the oxygen vacancies acting as catalytic hotspots, which allows better sulfite capture ability. It is found that vitamin B1 (VB1) inhibits the SuO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> mimic activity of P\u2010MoO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:italic><jats:sub>\u2212x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> NPs through the irreversible cleavage by sulfite and the electrostatic interaction with P\u2010MoO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:italic><jats:sub>\u2212x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> NPs. A colorimetric platform is developed for the detection of VB1 with high sensitivity (the low detection limit is 0.46 \u00b5g mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and good selectivity. These findings pave the way for further investigating the nanozyme which possess intrinsic SuO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> mimicing activity and is thus a promising candidate for biomedical detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201903153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T06:15:33Z","timestamp":1570169733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Oxygen Vacancy\u2010Engineered PEGylated MoO<sub>3<\/sub><i><sub>\u2212x<\/sub><\/i> Nanoparticles with Superior Sulfite Oxidase Mimetic Activity for Vitamin B1 Detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7156-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies Nanotechnology Research Center School of Materials Science &amp; Engineering School of Physics Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong P. 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