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This study aims to develop a noninvasive method to assist in diagnosing the pulmonary nodules. To do so, 3798 patients are recruited from the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and peripheral blood samples are collected from them before surgery. From these samples, circulating tumor cells (CTC) are isolated using folate receptor (FR) positivity, and then enriched and analyzed in relation to cancer gene expression, stage, and level of invasion. The average CTC concentration of patients with lung disease is 11.97 functional unit (FU) in a 3 mL sample of blood. FR\u2010positive CTC levels correlate with the expression of lung cancer driver genes tumor\u2010node\u2010matastasis (TNM) stage, and pleura invasion. The sensitivity of CTC levels to lung cancer diagnosis is 87.05%. Results from this study demonstrate that the determination of FR\u2010positive CTC concentration is a convenient and time\u2010saving strategy to improve the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202001695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T07:54:00Z","timestamp":1590479640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Overcoming Obstacles in Pathological Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules through Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology Wuhan University  Wuhan 430079 China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Data Science Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College  One Medical Center Drive Lebanon NH 03756 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University  507 Zhengmin Road Shanghai 200433 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benting","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai 200201 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gening","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University  507 Zhengmin Road Shanghai 200433 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University  507 Zhengmin Road Shanghai 200433 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