{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:46:51Z","timestamp":1790509611474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004350","name":"Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    There is a lack of efficient therapies to treat increasingly prevalent autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Membrane vesicles (MVs) isolated from probiotic bacteria have shown tremendous potential for treating intestinal inflammatory diseases. However, possible dilution effects and rapid elimination in the gastrointestinal tract may impair their application. A cell\u2010free and anti\u2010inflammatory therapeutic system\u2014probiomimetics\u2014based on MVs of probiotic bacteria (\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) coupled to the surface of microparticles is developed. The MVs are isolated and characterized for size and protein content. MV morphology is determined using cryoelectron microscopy and is reported for the first time in this study. MVs are nontoxic against macrophage\u2010like dTHP\u20101 and enterocyte\u2010like Caco\u20102 cell lines. Subsequently, the MVs are coupled onto the surface of microparticles according to facile aldehyde\u2010group functionalization to obtain probiomimetics. A significant reduction in proinflammatory TNF\u2010\u03b1 level (by 86%) is observed with probiomimetics but not with native MVs. Moreover, it is demonstrated that probiomimetics have the ability to ameliorate inflammation\u2010induced loss of intestinal barrier function, indicating their potential for further development into an anti\u2010inflammatory formulation. These engineered simple probiomimetics that elicit striking anti\u2010inflammatory effects are a key step toward therapeutic MV translation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202003158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,4]],"date-time":"2020-09-04T02:08:18Z","timestamp":1599185298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Probiomimetics\u2014Novel\n                    <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n                    \u2010Mimicking Microparticles Show Anti\u2010Inflammatory and Barrier\u2010Protecting Effects in Gastrointestinal Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2444-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University  Campus E8 1 Saarbr\u00fccken 66123 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INM \u2010 Leibniz\u2010Institut f\u00fcr Neue Materialien  Campus D2 2 Saarbr\u00fccken D\u201066123 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Fuhrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University  Campus E8 1 Saarbr\u00fccken 66123 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0156-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0054-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0172-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0951-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1385199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1132336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488631101160212171757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31816d922c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"J.Fao W. 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