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Here, the aim is to explore graphene oxide (GO), the most studied 2D nanomaterial in biomedical applications, as a nanoscale platform for interaction with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Molecular docking analyses of GO sheets on interaction with three different structures: SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 viral spike (open state \u2013 6VYB or closed state \u2013 6VXX), ACE2 (1R42), and the ACE2\u2010bound spike complex (6M0J) are performed. GO shows high affinity for the surface of all three structures (6M0J, 6VYB and 6VXX). When binding affinities and involved bonding types are compared, GO interacts more strongly with the spike or ACE2, compared to 6M0J. Infection experiments using infectious viral particles from four different clades as classified by Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID), are performed for validation purposes. Thin, biological\u2010grade GO nanoscale (few hundred nanometers in lateral dimension) sheets are able to significantly reduce copies for three different viral clades. This data has demonstrated that GO sheets have the capacity to interact with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 surface components and disrupt infectivity even in the presence of any mutations on the viral spike. GO nanosheets are proposed to be further explored as a nanoscale platform for development of antiviral strategies against COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202101483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T15:13:56Z","timestamp":1621005236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Interact and Interfere with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Surface Proteins and Cell Receptors to Inhibit Infectivity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mehmet Altay","family":"Unal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Balgat Ankara 06520 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Bayrakdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health Microbiology References Laboratory Sihhiye Ankara 06430 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Ankara University Tandogan Ankara 06100 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omur","family":"Besbinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Balgat Ankara 06520 Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ankara University Golbasi Ankara 06830 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cansu","family":"Gurcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Balgat Ankara 06520 Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ankara University Golbasi Ankara 06830 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neus","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) UAB Campus Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) UAB Campus Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00fcleyman","family":"Yalcin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health Microbiology References Laboratory Sihhiye Ankara 06430 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Panatli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ankara University Golbasi Ankara 06830 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dogantan","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Balgat Ankara 06520 Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ankara University Golbasi Ankara 06830 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damla","family":"Alkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Balgat Ankara 06520 Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ankara University Golbasi Ankara 06830 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydan","family":"Agan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Ankara University Golbasi Ankara 06830 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Padua 35122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serap","family":"Suzuk Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health General Directorate of Public Health Microbiology References Laboratory Sihhiye Ankara 06430 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia Gemma","family":"Delogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Padua 35122 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil Can","family":"Akcali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Institute Ankara University Balgat Ankara 06520 Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biophysics Faculty of Medicine Ankara University Sihhiye Ankara 06230 Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Kostarelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) UAB Campus Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain"},{"name":"Nanomedicine Lab National Graphene Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine &amp; 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