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Here, a novel 3D conductive microstructure with surface topologies is presented by integrating superaligned carbon\u2010nanotube sheets (SA\u2010CNTs) onto <jats:italic>Morpho Menelaus<\/jats:italic> butterfly wings for SGN culture. The parallel groove\u2010like topological structures of <jats:italic>M. Menelaus<\/jats:italic> wings induce the cultured cells to grow along the direction of its ridges. The excellent conductivity of SA\u2010CNTs significantly improves the efficiency of cellular information conduction. When integrating the SA\u2010CNTs with <jats:italic>M. Menelaus<\/jats:italic> wings, the SA\u2010CNTs are aligned in parallel with the <jats:italic>M. Menelaus<\/jats:italic> ridges, which further strengthens the consistency of the surface topography in the composite substrate. The SA\u2010CNTs integrated onto butterfly wings provide powerful physical signals and regulate the behavior of SGNs, including cell survival, adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation. These features indicate the possibility of directed regeneration after auditory nerve injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202102062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T18:57:19Z","timestamp":1629399439000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Topographically Conductive Butterfly Wing Substrates for Directed Spiral Ganglion Neuron Growth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0130-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline  Nanjing 210008 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