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However, biomaterials used to encapsulate cells often elicit foreign body responses, leading to cellular overgrowth and deposition of fibrotic tissue, which in turn diminishes mass transfer to and from transplanted cells. Meanwhile, the encapsulation device must be safe, scalable, and ideally retrievable to meet clinical requirements. Here, a durable and safe nanofibrous device coated with a thin and uniform, fibrosis\u2010mitigating, zwitterionically modified alginate hydrogel for encapsulation of islets and stem cell\u2010derived beta (SC\u2010\u03b2) cells is reported. The device with a configuration that has cells encapsulated within the cylindrical wall, allowing scale\u2010up in both radial and longitudinal directions without sacrificing mass transfer, is designed. Due to its facile mass transfer and low level of fibrotic reactions, the device supports long\u2010term cell engraftment, correcting diabetes in C57BL6\/J mice with rat islets for up to 399 days and SCID\u2010beige mice with human SC\u2010\u03b2 cells for up to 238 days. The scalability and retrievability in dogs are further demonstrated. These results suggest the potential of this new device for cell therapies to treat T1D and other diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202104899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T08:52:57Z","timestamp":1639385577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A Safe, Fibrosis\u2010Mitigating, and Scalable Encapsulation Device Supports Long\u2010Term Function of Insulin\u2010Producing Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering Cornell University  Ithaca NY 14853 USA"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Textile Science &amp; Technology Ministry of Education College of Textiles Donghua University  Shanghai 201620 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James 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