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While the DSA achieves the high\u2010resolution observation of specified vessels and their downstream perfusion at the cost of invasive, radioactive operation and hepatorenal toxicity. To address those problems, this study develops arterial labeling ultrasound (US) subtraction angiography (ALUSA) based on a new perfluorobutane (PFB) nanodroplets with a lower vaporization threshold through spontaneous nucleation. The nanodroplets can be selectively vaporized to microbubbles, indicating a highly echogenic signal at B\u2010mode images only using a diagnostic transducer. By labeling a single blood vessel for nanodroplets vaporization and tracking its downstream blood perfusion in segmental renal arteries at a frame rate of 500 Hz. The results demonstrate the color\u2010coded super\u2010resolution ALUSA image, exhibiting the downstream arcuate and interlobular arteries of each segmental renal artery with a resolution of 36 \u00b5m in a rabbit kidney. Furthermore, ALUSA could offer the vascular structures, blood flow velocity, and direction of their primary supply vessels in the mouse breast tumor. ALUSA fills the gap of noninvasive labeling angiography in US and opens a broad vista in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor and vascular\u2010related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202105989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T07:31:44Z","timestamp":1643355104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Arterial Labeling Ultrasound Subtraction Angiography (ALUSA) Based on Acoustic Phase\u2010Change Nanodroplets"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine Peking\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences College of Future Technology Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feihong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine Peking\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences College of Future Technology Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0440-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"},{"name":"College of Engineering Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"},{"name":"National Biomedical Imaging Center Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biomedical Imaging Center Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Mitochondria in Brain Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences PKU\u2010Nanjing Institute of Translational Medicine  Nanjing 210031 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2011.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-019-01412-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1635","volume":"24","author":"Tamai H.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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