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When MSCs are exposed to an inflammatory environment, they release more functional growth factors, exosomes, and chemokines. Herein, MSCs are stimulated to alter sEV cargos and functions to regulate the inflammatory microenvironment and promote tissue regeneration. Sequencing of sEV miRNAs shows that certain RNAs conducive to cell function are upregulated. In this study, in vitro cell function experiments show that both inflammation\u2010stimulated adipose\u2010derived MSC (ADSC)\u2010derived sEV (IAE) and normal ADSC\u2010derived sEV (AE) promote cell proliferation; IAE also significantly improves cell migration. Regarding macrophage polarization regulation, IAE significantly promotes M2 macrophage differentiation. RNA\u2010sequencing analysis indicates that high miR\u201027b\u20103p expression levels in IAE may regulate macrophages by targeting macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor\u20101 (CSF\u20101). In vivo, a rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condylar osteochondral defect model shows that both AE and IAE promote TMJ regeneration, with IAE having the most significant therapeutic effect. Therefore, the authors confirm that exposing MSCs to an inflammatory environment can feasibly enhance sEV functions and that modified sEVs achieve better therapeutic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202107354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T01:18:42Z","timestamp":1647047922000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Inflammation\u2010Stimulated MSC\u2010Derived Small Extracellular Vesicle miR\u201027b\u20103p Regulates Macrophages by Targeting CSF\u20101 to Promote Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yufei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences Nankai University  Tianjin 300071 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