{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:12:08Z","timestamp":1789625528850,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Small"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The contact lens (CL) industry has made great strides in improving CL\u2010wearing experiences. However, a large amount of CL wearers continue to experience ocular dryness, known as contact lens\u2010induced dry eye (CLIDE), stemming from the reduction in tear volume, tear film instability, increased tear osmolarity followed by inflammation and resulting in ocular discomfort and visual disturbances. In this article, to address tear film thinning between the CL and the ocular surface, the concept of using a CL with microchannels to deliver the tears from the pre\u2010lens tear film (PrLTF) to the post\u2010lens ocular surface using in vitro eye\u2010blink motion is investigated. This study reports an eye\u2010blink mimicking system with microfluidic poly(2\u2010hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(HEMA)) hydrogel with integrated microchannels to demonstrate eye\u2010blink assisted flow through microchannels. This in vitro experimental study provides a proof\u2010of\u2010concept result that tear transport from PrLTF to post\u2010lens tear film can be enhanced by an artificial eyelid motion in a pressure range of 0.1\u20135\u00a0kPa (similar to human eyelid pressure) through poly(HEMA) microchannels. Simulation is conducted to support the hypothesis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing microfluidic CLs with the potential to help prevent or minimize CLIDE and discomfort by the enhanced transport of pre\u2010lens tears to the post\u2010lens ocular surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202207017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T03:27:05Z","timestamp":1671852425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Microfluidic Contact Lens to Address Contact Lens\u2010Induced Dry Eye"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yangzhi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation  Los Angeles CA 90064 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohollah","family":"Nasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation  Los Angeles CA 90064 USA"},{"name":"Division of Nanobiotechnology Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory KTH Royal Institute of Technology  Solna 17165 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Davoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation  Los Angeles CA 90064 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation  Los Angeles CA 90064 USA"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourav","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CooperVision Inc.  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